E 

3W 



OUTLINES AND REFERENCES 



FOR THE STUDY OF 



American History 



SQUIRE F. BROWNE 



MINNEAPOLIS 
H. W. WILSON, PUBLISHER 
1899 



Glass Bni 

Book 

Copyiight^N? 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT} 



OUTLINES AND REFERENCES 



FOR THE STUDY OF 



American History 



SQUIRE F. BROWNE 



MINNEAPOLIS 

H. VV. WILSON, PUBLISHER 
1899 



44215 

Copyright by 
SQUIRE F. BROWNE 
1899 



SECOND COPY, 



INTRODUCTION. 



This outline is intended to furnish a guide for the work of a 
year and a half in American history for grammar grades. It 
is the outgrowth of several years' work in history, taught by the 
laboratory method. , 

The bibliography makes no pretension to completeness, but 
the histories listed have been found very satisfactory for gram- 
mar grade study. The following additional books are recom- 
mended both for teacher and pupil: Johnston, American Ora- 
tion; McMaster, With the Fathers; Roosevelt, Winning of the 
West; Coffin, Old Times in the Colonies; Hart and Channing, 
American History Leaflets; Gardiner, Student's English His- 
tory. For maps, D. C. Heath's Smaller Outline Maps of the 
United States. 

For a large class it is advisable to have extra copies of Mc- 
Master's School History of the United States, Epochs of Am- 
erican History series. Channing's Student's History of the 
United States, and Montgomery's Student's American History, 
and Fiske's Civil Government. 

The following course is suggested as preliminary to this 
Outline: For sixth grade — Study of American history from the 
biographical standpoint, making the personal element predomi- 
nate. Using such a text as Montgomery's Beginner's American 
History and doing some reference work in the lives of the peo- 
ple studied in the text. Study general history during the 13th 
and 14th centuries. 

For seventh grade — first half year — Study English history 
from such a text as Gardiner's Smaller English History or 
Cooke's History of England (Appleton). Do some reference 
work in the parts of English history relating to American his- 
tory. Study general history during the 16th and 17th centuries. 
Second half year — Use outline and complete to the Critical 
Period. 

But little reference is made to Physiography in the outlining 
for the reason that it is supposed to be taken up in Geography * 
and correlated with American history. 

. Squire F. Browne. 



Glenwood, August, 1899. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

1. The Colonies-Thwaites. 

2. Students' History of the U. S. — Charming. 

3. Students' American History — Montgomery. 

4. Conquest of Mexico. — Prescott, Vol. I. 

5. Conquest of Mexico — Prescott, Vol. II. 

6. Conquest of Mexico — Prescott, Vol. III. 

7. Discovery of America — Fiske; Vol. I. 

8. Discovery of America — Fiske, Vol. II. 

9. Beginnings of New England — Fiske. 

10. Critical Period — Fiske. 

11. Civil Government — Fiske. 

12. Formation of the Union — Hart. 

13. General History — Barnes. 

14. Nature and Man in America — Shaler. 

15. Settlement of the Constitution — Rowley. 

16. Colonial Era — Fisher. 

17. Making of the Nation — Walker. 

18. Middle Period— Burgess. 

19. American Politics — Johnston. 

20. History by Contemporaries — Hart, Vol. I. 

21. History by Contemporaries — Hart, Vol. II. 

22. War of Independence — Fiske. 

23. History of People of the U. S. — McMaster, Vol. I. 

24. History of People of the U. S. — McMaster, Vol II. 

25. History of People of the U. S.— McMaster, Vol. III. 

26. History of People of the U. S.— McMaster, Vol. IV. 

27. Division and Reunion — Wilson. 

28. Knickerbocker's History of New York — Irving. 

29. History of the Presidency — Stanwood (1898 ed.). 

30. Bird's Eye View of the Civil War — Dodge. 

31. School History of the U. S. — McMaster. 

32. Young Folks' Book of American Explorers — Higginson. 

33. Conquest of Peru — Prescott, Vol. I. 

34. Conquest of Peru — Prescott, Vol. II. 

35. Epoch Maps of American History. — Hart. 

36. Growth of American Nation — Judson. 

37. Connecticut — Johnston. 

38. The United States of America (1765-1865) — Channing. 

39. Documents Illustrating American History — Preston. 

40. American Revolution — Fiske, Vol. I. 

41. American Revolution — Fiske, Vol. II. 

42. Samuel Adams — Homer (Statesmen Series). 

43. History of the U. S. Schouler, Vol. I. 

44. History of the U. S. — Schouler, Vol. II. 

45. History of the U. S.— Schouler, Vol. III. 

46. History of the U. S.— Schouler, Vol. IV. 

47. History of the U. S. — Schouler, Vol. V. 

48. American Commonwealth — Bryce (Ab. ed.). 

49. Madison — Gay (Statesmen Series). 

50. The State— Wilson. 

51. Hamilton — Lodge (Statesmen Series). 

52. History of the American Nation — McLaughlin. 
53- 

54- 
55- 
56. 



I. PREHISTORIC AMERICA. 



"In the dim future yet shall come an age 
When Ocean shall unloose us from his bonds 
And the vast Earths lie open to the view; 
When the Sea, yielding, shall disclose new Worlds, 
And Thule be no more the last of lands." — Medea-Seneca. 

A. Origin of the native races (mere conjecture). 

1. From Asia or Europe? *I4 — 176-80: 1 — 2-3: 7 — 3-5-: 6 — 
358-59, 381-83: 52: 

2. Atlantis, 6 — 356: 7 — 426: 

B. Colonization of North America, 16 — 1-5: 1 — 3-7: 2 — 10-14: 

1. Difficulties from the West. 

a. Condition of the Pacific coast — no harbors. 

b. Mountain systems. 

c. The river systems. 

2. Advantages of the Atlantic coast, 

a. Condition of the coast — many harbors. 

b. Mountain systems. 

c. River systems. 

C. The native races, 1 — 8-12: 16 — 5-11: see index to 6: 8: 31 — 
66-69: 52: 

1. Semi-civilized-government-religion-customs-language, etc. 

a. Mexicans. 

b. Peruvians. 

c. Pueblos. 

d. Cliff Dwellers. 

e. Tribes of the lower Mississippi valley. 

2. Savages-government-religion-laws-customs-language, etc. 

a. Algonkins. 

b. Iroquois. 

c. Southern Indians. 

d. Dakotahs or Sioux. 7 — 40. 

e. Mound Builders, 7: 



II. PRE-COLUMBIAN DISCOVERIES. 

Literary references — The Norsemen — Wnittier; Skeleton in Ar- 
mor — Longfellow; White Man's Foot — Hiawatha, ch. xxi. 

A. Legendary, 7 — 41, 148-50: 

1. St. Brandan. 

2. The Buddhists. 

3. Prince Madoc. 

B. The Norsemen. 

1. Physical conditions favoring discovery by them — the nat- 
ural water way of the Arctic current. 

2. The discovery, 2 — 22-23: 3 — 1-4: 1 — 21-22: 20 — 16: 7 — see 
index: 52: 



*The first reference number and the first number after each 
colon (:) refers to the bibliography, e.g. 14 — 176-80: 1 — 2-3: 
reads book 14 (Nature and Man in America) pages 176-80, book 
1 (The Colonies) pages 2-3. 



6 



a. Settlement of Iceland, 874 A. D. — causes and character, 
7— 151-54: 

b. Eric the Red and Greenland, 986 A. D., 7 — 156-57: 

c. Bjarni and Lief Ericson in "Vinland the Good" 1000 
A. D., 7— 151, 165: 

d. Subsequent voyages, 7 — 166-78: 

e. The Sagas, seen index to 8: 2: 16: 52: 

f. Results to Europe. Why? 7 — 253-55: 

III. COLUMBUS AND HIS TIMES. 

What if wise men, as far back as Ptolemy, 

Judged that the earth like an orange was round, 
None of them ever said, come along, follow me, 
Sail to the West and the East will be found. 

Columbus — Clough. 
Literary references — Columbus — Lowell; Columbus — Tennyson; 
Mercedes of Castile — Cooper; 

A. Commercial conditions. 

1. Ancient routes of commerce between Europe and the East, 
7 — 262: 1 — 23: 31 — 9-10: 52: 

2. Interruption for Western Europe in the 7th century — Sar- 
acens — Isolation of western Europe until 1100 A. D., 
7 — 269 : 

3. Causes of a revival of intercourse, 7 — 270-72: 

a. The Crusades — new knowledge of eastern products, 

b. Mogul (Mongul) conquests. 

4. Results, 7 — 272-77: 

a. New Geographical views. 

kb. Trade increased with Asia — her products become a 
necessity. 

B. Search for the Indies. 

1. A general desire to reach the Indies by sea arose thru: 52: 

a. Necessity of finding an outside route, caused by: 

1) encroachments of the Turks and capture of Constan- 
tinople by them in 1453. This threatened to close the 
eastern routes, 31 — 10: 1 — 23: 

b. Improvements in art of navigation, 7 — 313 — 15, 395: 

1) mariner's compass, 16 — 12: 

2) astrolobe. 

2. Eastward or Portuguese route (Prince Henry). 7 — 295-96, 
316—26: 1—24: 3—4: 

3. Columbus and the Westward or Spanish route, 7 — 363. 
366—71. 375—77- 1—24: 2—24-30: 

a. Ideas as to shape and size of earth, 3 — 4: 

b. Source of these ideas 

1) Toscanelli, 7—355: 52—13: 

c. Attempts to get assistance. 

d. Contracts with Spanish monarch. 

e. First voyage 1492, 20 — 17: 

f. Second voyage, 1493, 

g. Third voyage, 1498, 

h. Fourth voyage, 1502, 20 — 19. 

i. Columbus' place in world's history, 7 — 446: 

j. Pope's Bull of Demarkation, 3 — 6: 16 — 14: 31 — 15: 20 — 
18: 52—24: 

k. Amerigo Vespucii and the name America, 2 — 34: 20 — 20: 
3—9: 52: 

1. Effects of discovery on Europe, 3 — 24. 



7 



IV. LATER EXPLORATIONS. 

32 is an excellent reference. 
Literary references — Westward Ho! — Kingsley; Kenilworth — 
Scott; Fair God — Wallace; Story of Tonty — Catherwood; 

A. English Explorations 1497 — 1584, Map 3 — opp. i&: 

1. The Cabots, 1497. 

See indexes to 1:2: 3: 8: 16: 20: 52: 

a. Purpose of expedition, 8 — 4: 

b. Extent of explorations, 8 — 14: 1 — 25: 

c. Advantage to England, 3 — 9: 

1) Basis to England's claim to N. A. 

2. Other explorers, See indexes same as to 1. 

a. Sir Martin Frobisher 1576, searched for Northwestern 
passage. 

b. Sir Francis Drake 1577, explored coast of Cal. and Ore- 
gon. 

c. Sir Humphrey Gilbert 1583, claimed Newfoundland for 
England. 

d. Sir Walter Raleigh 1584, explored Virginia. 

B. Spanish Explorations 1513-65. References as above: 3 — 
opp. 18: 

1. In South America 

a. Balboa 1513 — discovers Pacific ocean. 

b. Magellan 1520 — explores Pacific ocean. 

"They were the first that ever burst into that silent sea." 

c. Cortez 1520 — conquers Mexico. 20 — 21: see also 4 — 6: 

d. Pizarro 1532 — conquers Peru, 20 — 22; see also 33 — 34: 

2. In U. S. 

a. Ponce de Leon 1513 — explores Florida (did not discover 
it, 8—79) 

b. Vasquez de Ayllon 1524 — explores Chesapeake Bay. 

c. Estrevan Gomez 1525 — explores from Labrador to Dela- 
ware. 

d. de Narvaez 1528 — attempts to conquer Florida. 

e. de Vaca 1528 — with Narvaez. 

f. de Soto 1539-42 — discovers Mississippi, 20 — 23: 

g. Coronado 1540 — explores Arizona and New Mexico, 
20 — 24: 

h. Menendez 1565 — founds St. Augustine. 

C. French Explorations. 1524-1682. Ref. as above; 20 — 34-43:52 

1. Along the St. Lawrence. 

a. Verrazano 1524 — explored Newfoundland and vicinity. 

b. 1534 — along the St. Lawrence. 

i)basis for French claims to this territory. 

c. Champlain 1603 — explored along St. Lawrence to Mon- 
treal. 

2. In Florida. 

a. Ribaut (Ribault) 1562 — explored Florida. 

3. In the Interior. - 

a. Marquette and Joliet 1672 — along the Mississippi. 

b. La Salle 1678 — 82-exp. and named Louisiana. 

1) Hennepin 1680 — discovered St. Anthony's Falls. 

D. Dutch Explorations. 20 — 38: 1 — 196: 28 — 57-62: etc. 
1. Hendrik Hudson 1609. 31 — 36: 

E. Summary. 1 — 43"44: 35— map 2. 

1. Extent of English explorations and territory under her 
control. 

2. Extent of Spanish explorations, etc. 



s 



3. Extent of French explorations, etc. 

4. Extent of Dutch explorations, etc., 31 — 37: 

5. Extent of Swedish explorations, etc. 31 — 39 foot note 1. 

V. COLONIZATION. 

"I say that the Christians may lawfully trauell into those 
countries' and abide there." — Peckham. 

A. Motives of Colonization, 1 — 46: 20 — 44, 45, 47: 52 — 34: 

1. Spirit of adventurous enterprise. 

2. Desire for wealth. 

3. Economic or political discontent. 

4. Religious freedom. 

B. The Spaniards in America. Ref. see IV. B. 

"We Spaniards are troubled with a disease of the heart for 
which we find gold, and gold only, a specific remedy." — Cortez. 

1. Basis for their claims to the continent — Bull of Demarka- 
tion, 11 — 140: 

2. Character of colonists — morals lax — cruel — lazy — did not 
intend to become permanent settlers, 1 — 47: 36 — 22: 

3. Cuba — Velaquez, 151 1 

4. Mexico — Cortez — 1520. 

5. Peru — Pizarro 1532 

6. In the United States, 1 — 28,31-32: 

a. Florida — St. Augustine 1565 

b. New Mexico — Santa Fe 1605 

C. The French in America. 

1. Basis of claim to North America, 11 — 140 

a. Discoveries by Verrazano in 1524. 

b. Explorations by Cartier in 1534. 

2. Character of colonists — assimilated with Indians — no ag- 
ricultural pursuits — did not colonize. (Huguenots an ex- 
ception to this), 1—49: 36 — 42 

3. The Huguenot settlements, 1—33-34, 44- 2 — 43 ~47, 58: 8 — 
511-14: 

a. In Brazil 1555 — failure, 8 — 511: 

b. In Carolina 1562 — Ribault's colony — failure. 

c. In Florida 1563 — Laudonniere's colony — failure, 20 — 36: 

4. French in Canada, 1 — 35-36, 246-47: 20-35: 8-528-29: 16-22- 
23: 

a. de la Roche's colony — 1598 — failure. 

b. de Monts and his patent 1604 — partially successful. 

c. Champlain founds Quebec 1608. 

5. Founding and settlement of Louisiana 1699, 2-133: see 
indexes Louisiana: 

a. Explorations (see IV. C. 3). 

b. Iberville founds Mobile in 1702, 3-133: 

c. Founding of New Orleans 1718, 3-133: 

6. Coureurs de Bois, see index to 1:31: 

7. Relations with Indians, 1-49, 246, 250: 16-212: 31-70: 

D. The English in America. 

1. Incentives to colonization. 

a. Overpopulation — large numbers of idle and restless men, 
16-31: 1-65: 

b. Trade, 1-65: 

c. Necessary if territory is to be held, 11-140:36-44: 

2. Basis of claim to North America — Cabot's discovery,n- 
140: 20-48. 

3. Character of colonists — early settlers made up of offscour- 



9 



ings of the cities and adventurers — looking for gold — relied 
upon England for necessaries of life. Later colonists — 
brought women — made permanent homes — tilled the soil — 
did not assimilate with Indians — fearless — hardy — inde- 
pendent, 1-41, 53-54: 52-37- 

4. Early attempts, 1-238: see indexes to 2: 3: 16: 31: 32: 36: 
52: 

a. Gilbert 1579 — failure. 

b. Raleigh 1584-87 — failure. 

c. Gosnold 1602 — failure. 

d. Popham on coast of Maine 1606 — failure. 

e. Cause of failures, 1-43: 

5. Destruction of Spanish Armada 1588, 2-51-53: 

a. Established supremacy on sea — helped colonial enter- 
prises. 

6. Virginia 1607, 1: 2: 3: 16: 31: 32: 36: 52: 
a. London and Plymouth companies. 

1) purpose of formation, 3-27: 

2) terms of charter, 31-29-30: 11-141: 3-28: 

3) Jamestown 1607, 31:3: 

a) purpose of settlement. 

b) character of emigrants — all men. 

c) Captain John Smith — services to colony, 31-31: 1- 
71: 20-62-64: 

"He that will not work shall not eat." — Smith. 

d) John Rolfe and the cultivation of tobacco, 3-32: 

7. New England, 52-67: 

"God sifted a whole nation, that he might send choice 
grain over into this wilderness." — Stoughton. 

a. Cause of migration to New England — religious perse- 
cution, 11-16: 1-114: 

1) Religious groups in England, 1-114-15: 16-85-91: 3- 
60-62: 2-74: 9-50-75: 

a) Church of England adherents. 

b) Puritans. 

i') Conformists. 
2') Dissenters, 
a') Presbyterians. 

b') Separatists or Independents — fled to Holland 
and were afterward called Pilgrims, 1-115-16: 
31-40: 20-49: 

b. Plymouth 1620, 1-1 17-21: 2-76-78: 3-61-65: 16-92-95: 
31-41-44: 

(Read, Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers — Hemans; The 
Twenty-second of December — Bryant; The Pilgrim's 
Vision — Holmes.) 
1) Reasons for leaving Holland, 3-62: 20-97: 
3) Mayflower Compact — its provisions, 1-118: 20-98: 39: 

3) Settlement at Plymouth, 20,-99. 

4) Relations with the Indians. 1-121 : 20-100. 

c. Why the Puritans came to New England, 31-46-47: 2- 
80-83: 1-124-25: 16-100: 

1) Tyranny of Charles I. and his Archbishop Laud, 31- 
47: 2-81-82: 

2) Obtain land from the Plymouth company 1628: 

a) boundaries of grant. 

b) Massachusetts charter 1629, 39: 3-68: the securing of 
this charter by Winthrop led to the migration of 
Puritans and founding of: 



10 



d. Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630, 9-88-104: 2-80-83: 52- 
75: 

1) Endicott founds Salem 1628, 3-68: 20-105: 

2) Boston 1630: 

3) Puritan migration 1630-40, 2-81-82: 20-105: 

4) Religious ideas — found Congregational Church — no 
toleration, 31-48: 16-113: 1-126: 

e. Distinctions between Pilgrims and Puritans, 3-60-65, 
68-69: 1-115-18, 126: 

1) Attitude toward state and church, 31-48: 16-87-89, 101: 

3-63: 52: 

2) Wealth— social standing, 1-118: 1-139-40: 

3) Character, 

4) Relation to England, 

f. Roger Williams, 1: 2: 3: 9: 16: 20: 31: 52: 

1) Dissented from views of Puritans in: 31-48: 

a) religion, 

b) relations with the Indians. 

2) Banished from the colony: founded: 

g. Rhode Island 1636, 1-132-33: 2-89-90: 3: 16: 31: 9: 20: 
52: 

1) Providence. 

2) Narragansett Bay settlements — Mrs. Hutchinson. 

3) Civil equality and religious freedom, 2-87: 20-115: 

4) Disturbances in colony, 1-149, 159: 2-89: 16-137: 

5) secures charter 1643, 16-136: 3-106: 

6) Baptist Church established, 3-105: 16-143: 

7) Unfriendly with other colonies. Why? 

h. Connecticut 1636: see index to 1: 2: 3: 9: 16: 20: 31: 36: 
37: 52: 

(Read Abraham Davenport — Whittier.) 

1) Migration from Massachusetts due to: 

a) Religious differences, 31-50: 

b) struggle between aristocracy and democracy, 9-123- 

24: 

c) fertile lands, 2-90: 

2) Migration opposed by Massachusetts, 3-93: 

3) Relations with the Dutch, 16-126: 9-122-23: 

4) "Blue Laws" fiction, 16-130: 9-136: 37-105: (true blue 
laws, 20-144) : 

a) veracity of Peters, 9-137: 

5) New Haven colonies — Davenport. 

i. Maine and New Hampshire, 1622. See indexes same 
as h. 

1) Grant obtained by Gorges and Mason — boundaries of 
territory, 1-150: 3-8: 

2) Characteristics of Maine settlers, 1-152: 

3) Characteristics of New Hampshire settlers, 1-153: 

4) New Hampshire settlements due to religious dissen- 
sions, 1-153: 

8. The Middle Colonies, 52:' 

a. New York, 1614. Ref. same as above. 
"It is as beautiful a land as the foot of man ever trod upon." 
— Hudson. 

1) Explored by Hudson, 3-42: 

2) Settled by Dutch — as a trading station — New Am- 
sterdam (New York). 

a) Their claims to the territory, 1-44: 

3) The Patroon system, 3-44: 1-198: see indexes: 



1 1 

4) Capture by the English 1664, 1-202: 3-48: 16-187-89: 

a) reason for English conquest, 

b) importance of the capture. 

5) character of the early inhabitants, 1-201,220: 

b. New Jersey 1664, 1-210-14: see indexes to 2: 3: 16: 20: 
3i: 

1) Sold to Berkeley and Carteret, 20 — 164: 

2) divided 1674. 

3) sold to the Quakers 

4) becomes a royal province, 1702. 

c. Delaware (New Sweden), 1638, 

1) early Dutch settlements 

2) attempted colonization by Sweden 

. 3) captured by the Dutch from New Amsterdam 
4) annexed to Pennsylvania, 1682, 

a) object of purchase, 1 — 210: 3 — 109: 16 — 201: 

d. Pennsylvania, 1682, 1: 2: 3: 9: 11: 16: 20: 31: 36: 52: 
"Liberty without obedience is confusion. Obedience with- 
out liberty is slavery." — Penn. 

1) grant from Charles II, 3 — 116: 1 — 215: 

2) terms of the charter-religious: freedom, 3 — 117: 
2— 118: 

3) his colonization scheme, 1 — 215: 

4) relations with the Indians. 

5) character of emigrants — Quakers. 
9. The Southern Colonies, 52: 

a. Virginia (see V. D. 6) 

b. Maryland, 1632, 

1) granted to Lord Calvert 

2) a refuge for Catholics, 1 — 70: 

3) boundary-disputes with Virginia and Maryland, 2 — 71: 
20—77: 

4) the Puritans in Maryland, 1: 2: 3: 20 — 75: 

a) driven from Virginia— founded Annapolis, 1648, 
3— 101 • 

b) becoming powerful they and the Catholics com- 
promised upon the: 

5) Tolerations Acts 1649, 20 — 84: 2 — 73: (first act of the 
kind in America) 

a) repealed by Protestants but later re-enactejj|^ 

c. The Carolinas 1663, Ref. same as above. { ) 

1) granted to Clarendon and others by the king^^^ 

2) charter guaranteed religious freedom, 1 — 119: 

3) scheme to attract immigrants, 1 — 90: 20 — 78: 

4) Huguenots migrate there — other immigrants, 1 — 97: 
16—80: 

d. Georgia, 1732, 1: 2: 3: 16: 31: 
"An asylum for the oppressed." 

1) granted to James Oglethorpe.^ 

a) character of Oglethorpe, 

b) his three objects in fouling this colony, 3 — 123: 
1—259: 

c) Slavery excluded, 3 — 124: 

2) development slow, 1 — 261 : 

3) expedition against the Spanish, 1 — 262: 

4) becomes a royal province, 1752. 



12 



VI. STRUGGLE FOR DOMINION. 1689-1763. 

A. Preliminaries. 

1. Two original claimants. 

2. Later claimants — all the maritime nations of Europe ex- 
cept Italy. 

3. Theories of colonization, 1 — 46: 

a. Original view — colonies a source of revenue only — as 
Spain in Cuba. 

b. Modern view — colonies an expansion of parent state — 
as England in Canada. 

4. Failures in colonization. 

a. Portugal — lacked administrative ability; oppressed col- 
onies; held to original view of colonization; conquered 
by Spain, 1 — 48: 8 — 500: 

b. Holland — traders rather than colonists; worked in the 
East rather than in the West, 1 — 50: 8 — 559-60: 

c. Sweden — Death of Gustavus Adolphus and decline of 
Swedish power left her colonies unprotected; captured 

by the Dutch, 36 — 39: 1 — 51: 2 — 98: 

5. The three real contestants — England, France, and Spain. 

B. Failure of France and Spain — despite their advantages over 
England. 

1. Spain: 

a. Decay and decline of Spain, due to: 8 — 555, 559 — 61, 
564-66: 

1) religious wars 

2) defeat of Armada. 

3) Inquisition. 

4) influx of wealth from western possessions, 1 — 48: 

b. Held to original colonial theory (A. 3) 

c. Conquests too easy — conqueror's morals lax — not per- 
manent colonists — cruel treatment of savages; no co- 
lonial system, I — 47-48: 

2. France. 

a. Her advantages, 

1) held possession of the gate-ways of the continent, 
great lakes and principal rivers, see maps. 

2) Aptitude to deal with the Indians, 1 — 49, 250: 

3) zealous and patriotic leaders — Champlain, LaSalle, 
Jesuits, 1 — 246: 

b. Her failure due to: 1 — 34:, 246, 250-52: — J — 

1) accidents — Melendez — attitude of Iriquois, 2 — 96: 

2) character of colonization — Traders; missionaries; lack 
of homes and of agriculture. 

3) Huguenots refused admission. 

4) dependence upon government at Paris, 1 — 250-51: 

C. England's Success, due to: 

1. Her policy. 

a. religious toleration, 8 — 568: 

b. non-interference in colonies, 1 — 53: 

2. Character of emigrants, 1 — 53-55: 

3. Strength as a maritime power, 1 — 53: 

D. The Struggle. 

1. Its relation to Europe — part of the 18th century duel be- 
tween England and France, 1689-1815. 

2. Rival claims, 12 — 23, 27: 

a. International rivalry. 

b. Legal arguments. 



13 



c. Expediency. 

d. Relative strength of parties, 12 — 27: 

1) In 1689, 1—253: 

2) In 1753, 12—27: 

3. Intercolonial wars, 1689-1763, 31 — 91: 1 — 254-55: 52 — 138: 

a. King William's War — neither side gained — treaty of 
Ryswick, 31—77-78: 

b. Queen Anne's War — English gained Acadia, Newfound- 
land, and Hudson's Bay territory — treaty of Utrecht 

c. King George's War — neither side gained — treaty of Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 

d. French and Indian War — expulsion of the French, 12: 
2: 3: 31: 52: etc.: 

"The firing of a gun in the woods of North America brought 
on a conflict which drenched Europe in blood." 

1) Cause of the war — international rivalry, 1 — 23: 

2) Occasion — Washington's attack on the French, 31 — 
86: 1—23: 3—137: 

3) Braddock's expedition, 21 — 127: 

4) Removal of the Acadians, 36 — 45: 21 — 126: 

(Read Longfellow's Evangeline; Lily and the Cross-De- 
Mille.) 

5) Capture of Quebec, 21 — 129: 

6) Results of the war — treaty of Paris, 12 — 34-37: 31—91: 

2— 135: 36—49: 

d. Political effects of the war, 12 — 39-40: 52 — 150: 

1) Military experience 

2) United action. 

3) Freed from border warfare. 

4) Raised question of taxation for protecting colonies, 

3— 143:' 12—41: 

VII- SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF 
COLONIES. 1700-1763. 

A. General view, 52 — 150-68: 

1. Boundaries, 35 — 5: 12 — 23: 1 — 267: 2 — 136-38: 12 — maps 2: 

2. Population — character — distribution, 3 — 143-44: 38 — 14: 
1—265: 2—139-40: 12—3: 

3. Mode of Life, 3—159: 31— 93~95: 

a. Things unknown in 1763, 31 — 93-95: 

4. Slavery, 2 — 140-43: 21 — 102-07: 12 — 19: 38 — 12, 15: 36 — 55: 

a. Negro slavery, 

b. White servitude, 31 — 97-98: 

5. Colonial Industries, 3 — 150: 12 — 18: 38 — 7, 31-34: 36 — 
60-62 : 

a. Commerce. 

b. Manufacturing, 31—98: 

1) cause of decay of manufacturing interests. 

6. Education, 2 — 145-49: 12 — 18: 3 — 158: 38 — 22-24: 36 — 58-59: 

7. Art and Literature, 16—313-20: 3—155-59: 36—59: 31—94: 
Cotton Mather — Benjamin Franklin — Jonathan Edwards 

— Benj. West — Copley. 
HISTORY— FOUR 

8. Religious Life, 2—143: 3—153: 36 — 57: 38—16-19: 

B. In the South, 1 — 96-111: 16: 52: 
(Read the Virginians — Thaskeray.) 

1. Villages — few — unimportant, 11 — 58: 16 — 292: 

2. Society — distinctions sharply drawn, 11 — 59: 



a. Slaves — number — legal status — treatment, 38 — 12-13: 16 
—282: 

b. Indented white servants — "Poor Whites," "Mean 
Whites," "White Trash." 

1) legal status — social status, 11 — 59: 21 — 107: 

c. Middle class — characteristics — 

d. Upper class — character — education — manners, 16 — 283: 
21—82: 

3. Occupations — few professional men — agriculture — com- 
merce, 31 — 103: 

4. Social life — travel — hospitality. 

a. Religion— intolerance. 

b. Crime — criminal class — punishments. 
3. Education. 3—157-58: 

"I thank God ther are no free schools." — Berkeley, 
a. William and Mary, 1688. 

C. In the Middle Colonies. 1 — 218-32: 52 

Literary Ref. — Knickerbocker's Hist, of N. Y. — Irving; Legend 
of Sleepy Hollow — Irving; 

1 . Population — character — nationality. 

2. Town life — Philadelphia— New York, 21 — 28: 21 — 32: 

3. Society and social life. 

a. Dutch aristocrats. 

b. Quaker aristocracy. 

c. Social life. 

4. Occupations — professions — agriculture — trade extensive, 
31 — 102: 

5. Education — Princeton; 20 — 171: 

6. Religion — more toleration. 21 — 97-98: 

7. Summary, 1 — 232: 

D. In New England, 1 — 179-94: 52 

Literary References. — Pilgrims and Puritans — Moore; Court- 
ship of Miles Standish — Longfellow; Giles Corey — Longfel- 
low; Mogg Megone — Wmittier: Cobbler Keezer's Vision — 
Whittier; Standish of Standish — Austin; Betty Alden — 
Austin; Bay Path — Holland; 

1. Population — character — nationality. 

2. Social classes — distinctions sharply drawn, 11 — 18-19: 

a. Aristocracy. 

1) Foundations of rank. 

b. Slavery. 21 — 

c. Professions. 

3. Occupations, 31 — 101 : 

a. Manufactures. 

b. Commerce. 

c. Ship building. 

d. Fisheries. 

4. Social Life and Conditions — roads and travel — life and 
manners — towns ; 

5. Education — compare with the South 

a. Founding of Harvard and Yale colleges. 21 — 90, 95-96: 

6. Religion 

7. Witchcraft Delusion — cause — number executed — effect, 21 
—16-18: 

8. Summary. 1 — 193-94: 



15 



VIII. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLO- 
NIES to 1763. 

A. Constitutional Position of Colonies. 

1. Colonial Governments, 31 — 105-06: 3 — 145-46: 11 — 154-56: 

a. Charter Colonies — Massachusetts a type. 

b. Proprietary Colonies — Pennsylvania a type. 

c. Royal Colonies — Virginia a type. 

d. Colonial Governors, 12—15: 38—34-35: 21—57-59: 

1) How appointed. 

2) Powers. 

3) Limitations. 

e. Colonial Assemblies, 12 — 14-15: 38 — 35: 21 — 61-68: 

1) Powers. 

2) Limitations. 

2. Relation of Crown to Colonies, 38 — 28: 11 — 156: 52 — 169: 

3. Relation of Parliament to Colonies, 38 — 28: 11 — 156-57: 
9 — 160-61: 31 — 115: 52 

a. American Theory of Supremacy. 

b. British TheGry of Parliamentary Supremacy. 
(Which do you think was right?) 

4. Representative Government, 38 — 29-30: 52 
(Were the colonies represented in Parliament?) 

B. Virginia, 1: 2: 3: 16: 52 

1. Proprietary Colony of Virginia Co., 1607-24; 

a. First Charter, 1606, 39: 

1) Extent of territory. 

2) Government. 

b. Charters of 1609, 1612, 39: 

1) Boundaries defme.d. 

2) King's powers 

3) Stockholder's jurisdiction. 

c. Dale's Administration. 
1) His laws. 

2. Era of political Development to 1660. 

a. Under the Company. 1619-24. 

1) The Virginia Assembly, 1619, 1 — 73: 20—65: 52 
(First Representative Assembly in America.) 

a) Members. 

b) Powers. 

c) Limitations. 

2) Overthrow of the Company, 1624, 20 — 67: 

b. As a Royal Province. 1624-52. 

1) Relation of colony to the governors. 

c. Under the Commonwealth, 1649-60, 20 — 69: 

1) Attitude of the colony towards the Puritans. 

2) Coming of the Cavaliers. 

3. After the Restoration, 1—78-80: 

1) Political reaction — franchise restricted, 

2) Navigation Laws enforced. 

3) Bacon's Rebellion. 3 — 39: 20 — 71: 

4. Summary, 3 — A l ~A 2 '- 

C. New England. 
(Review V.D. 7-) 

1. Plymouth Colony. 1— 120. 123: 2—79: 3—65-66: 9: 16: 52 

a. Early Government — a pure democracy. 

b. Later Government becomes representative — suffrage re- 
stricted. 

c. Immigration restricted. 



16 



d. Industrial system — communistic — partially abandoned, 
i) A failure — Why? 

e. United with Massachusetts Bay, 1691. 

2. Massachusetts Bay Colony — an aristocratic Theocracy, 52 

a. Charter of 1629, 39: 1 — 128: 2: 3: 9: 16: 
1) Terms of Charter, 3—68: 9 — 96: 1 — 126: 

b. Theocracy established 1631; this led to: 1 — 128: 3 — 70: 
9 — 146: 20 — 94: — 

c. Watertown Protest; and this influenced the: 9 — 124: 

d. Establishment of Representative Government, 20 — 107; 

e. Theocracy is a failure; due to: 

1) Revolt of the people, 9 — 197: 

2) Charter of 1691, 3 — 83: 

f. Secessions and expulsions from the colony. 

1) Roger Williams — causes. 

2) Anne Hutchinson — causes. 

3) Connecticut — Democracy vs. Aristocracy, 2 — 90-91: 
37—17-18: 3: 1: 16—127: 

a) Fundamental Orders — first written constitution in 
America, 39: 20 — 120: 

3. New England Confederacy (United Colonies of New Eng- 
land) 1643-84, 39: 52 

(For proceedings read 20—129: 3 — 170.) 

a. Purposes of formation, 2 — 93: 3 — 75: 9 — 154-55: 39 — 87: 
37—143-45: 

b. Members, 3— 75: 1— 155-56: 9— 155-56: 2—93: 37—144: 
1) Why were Maine and Rhode Island omitted? 2 — 93: 

9—155-56: 

c. The Constitution, 1 — 156-57: 2 — 94: 9 — 158-59: 16 — 134- 
35: 39 

d. Fall of the Confederacy — causes 

1) Inequality of representation — leading to: 1 — 157 

2) Internal dissensions, 1 — 163-64: 16—142: 37 — 152-57: 

a) War with the Dutch. 

b) Domestic affairs. 

3) Union of New Haven with Connecticut, 1 — 168-69: 

4) Revocation of Massachusetts Charter, 1684, 9 — 198: 
39—85: 1— 174: 

D. Local Government in Virginia and New England compared. 

1. New England settled by small communities, 11 — 16-19: 

2. Virginia settled by individuals, 11 — 57-62: 

3. The two colonies contrasted, 11 — 64-67: 

a. Local affairs. 

b. Appointment of officers. 

c. Town-meetings and Court days — value of each. 

d. One gave political training to people — other developed 
leaders. 

E. From the Restoration to the Revolution, 1660-89, 2 — 104-25: 

1. Charles II. and the Colonial Policy. 

a. Revival of Colonization, 1 — 169: 

b. Navigation Acts, 1— 105: 16 — 50-51: 3 — 38: 

c. Puritans and Quakers, 1 — 165: 16 — 146, 151: 3—76-78: 
20 — 141-42: 

1) Charles II. friendly to Quakers, 9 — 191-92: 

2. Relation of Colonies to English Government. 

a. Massachusetts, 9—253-54, 265-66: 3—81: 16—152, 158: 1— 
166, 174: 

1) Royal Commission. 

2) Charter annulled, 1684. 



17 

b. Charters of Connecticut and Rhode Island,- 1 — 168, 175: 
3—97: 16—150, 162: 

1) When and why annulled, 

c. Conquest of New Netherlands, 1 — 16S: 3: 16 — 189: 20 — 
155: 

d. Wm. Penn and his colony, 1 — 215-17: 3 — 116-22: 16 — 
200-06 : 

(Review V. D. 8 d.) 

1) Relation to Charles II. 

2) Boundaries of colony. 

3) Government of Penna. (Great Law, Charter of Priv- 
ileges.) 

e. Grievances of the Virginians, 1 — 79: 16 — 51-53: 
3. Tyranny of Andros, 9 — 227-74: 1: 16: 3: 

a. His powers, instructions, and policy, 3 — 82: 

b. R. I. Charter revoked. 

c. Connecticut Charter revoked, 37 — 200: 20 — 122: 
1) Charter Oak Myth, 

d. His overthrow. 1689 — provisional government estab- 
lished, 1 — 176: 16 — 164: 

E. The Revolution of 1688 — Its influence in America, 2 — 153- 
54: 

1. Old Charters restored, 

2. New Colonial system. 

a. Restrictions -on trade increased. 

b. Bounties increased. 

c. Iron industry limited. 

d. Laws enforced with difficulty, 1 — 279: 

F. Constitutional Progress, 1688-1763, 2 — 130-31, 138-39: 
"They are all politicians, down to the housemaids." 

1. In legislative bodies — cause. 

2. Influence of Inter-Colonial wars — brought the colonies to- 
gether and led to: 

3. The Albany Congress, 1754, 12 — 28-30: 3:9: 

a. Occasion. 

b. Franklin's Plan of Union, 39: 21 — 125: 38 — 38: 37 — 259: 
1) Why it failed. 



IX. THE REVOLUTION, 1763-83. 

"The sin of the English statesmen was that they couldn't rec- 
ognize a nation when they saw one." 

Literary references, Franklin's Autobiography; Green Mountain 
Boys — Thompson; The Rangers — Thompson; Paul and 
Persis — Brush; The Spy — Cooper. 

A. Introductory, 

1. Review VIII. A.) 

2. Attitude of colonists toward England, 36 — 68-69: 3 — 161: 
5 2 . 

3. Accession of George III, 52: 

a. His policy. 

b. Attitude of the Whigs— Walpole— Pitt. 

c. The Tory policy. 

4. Condition of the British Empire, 12 — 43: 

5. Tendencies toward a Revolution. 

a. Influence of inter-colonial wars. 

b. United action by colonies, 12 — 40. 

c. Character of people, 3 — 161: 



18 

6. Cause of the Revolution, 52 — 169: 

a. Change in colonial policy of British government, 12 — ■ 

44-45; 

1) Strict enforcement of Navigation Acts. 

2) Taxation of colonies for partial support of British 
garrisons 

3) Permanent establishment of British troops in America. 

b. Social discontent — personal ambition, 12 — 65: 

c. Policy of George III. 

7. Occasion of the Revolution, 31 — 112: 38 — 48-49: 52: 

a. Attempts to enforce Navigation Acts. 

b. The Stamp Act, 1765. 

B. Constitutional Opposition 1760-74, 38 — 41-71: 12 — 44-63: 
36—74-79: 3: 2: 40: 

"We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang 
separately." — Franklin. 

1. Under Pitt's Ministry. 

a. Navigation Acts enforced, 12 — 45: 
1) Writs of Assistance, 42 — 41-45: 
a) Otis's speech 
''Then and there the child of Independence was born." — Sam- 
uel Adams. 

2. Under Grenville's Ministry, 1763-66, 

a. The Parson's Cause, 21- — 37: 
1) Patrick Henry's speech. 

b. Conspiracy of Pontiac — colonists indifferent, 38 — 47: 

c. Stamp Act, 1765, 31 — 114-17: 

1) Virginia Resolutions — Henry, 38 — 51: 

2) Stamp Act Congress. 

a) Declaration of Rights, 1765, 39 — 189: 21 — 141: 

3. Under Rockingham's Ministry, 1766, 

a. Stamp Act repealed, 31— 117: 42 — 91, 98: 
1)' Declaratory Act. 

4. Under the Chatham (Pitt) — Grafton Ministry, 1766-70. 
a. The Townshend Acts, 31 — 117: 21 — 145: 42 — 98-99: 

1) Massachusetts Circular letter, 31 — 118: 

2) Virginia Resolves, 1769. 

3) Non-importation Agreements, 2 — 176: 

4) Duties repealed except on tea. 

5. Under Lord North's Ministry, 1770-82. 

a. Boston Massacre 1770, 21 — 151: 31 — 118: 42 — 160-76. 
183-84: 

b. Committees of Correspondence, 1773. 

c. Boston Tea Party, 1774, 21 — 152: 42 — 243-56: 

d. Five Intolerable Acts, 31 — 120-21: 42 — 26^-72: 

1) Boston Port Bill, 

2) Transportation Bill 

3) Massachusetts Bill 

4) Quartering Act 

5) Quebec Act 

e. First Continental Congress, 1774, 21 — 153-54: 31 — 121-22: 
42 — 312-21 : 

1) Declaration of Rights, 39 — 193: 
a) Non-importation Agreement, 39 — 199: 

f. Additional repressive Acts, 12 — 63: 2 — 186: 

C. The Revolution. 

"I repeat it sir. We must fight." — Patrick Henry. 
Literary ref. Coffin's "Boys of '76." (good.) Burke's speech 
on Conciliation with America; 



1 g 



I. The strength of the combatants, 12 — 70-73: 2 — 192-94: 38 — 
72-77: 

a. Population and resources. 

b. Advantages of the colonists. 

c. Weakness of the colonists. 

d. The two armies 

2. Character of the contest, 38 — 79: 

3. The Revolution precipitated, 12: 2: 3: 22: 38: 40: 42: 52: 
"These are times that try men's souls." — Paine. 

a. Lexington and Concord, 1775 (Read "Paul Revere's 
Ride." — Longfellow.) 

"If they want a war, it may as well begin here." — Parker. 

b. Bunker Hill (Read "Grandmother's Story of Bunker 
Hill." — Holmes.) 21 — 192: 

c. Ticonderoga and Crown Point. 

"In the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental 
Congress," — Allen. 

d. Growth towards Independence, 2 — 198: 38 — 83-85: 

1) King's refusal of "Olive Branch" petition, 3 — 172: 

2) Formation of state governments. 

3) Establishment of National organization (Continental 
Congress.) 

4) Writings of Thomas Paine — Common Sense, etc., 21 
—186: 

5) Employment of Hessian soldiers by England. 

4. Second Continental Congress, 1775, 12 — 73-82: 2: 3: 42 — 
333: 39: 22: 36: 38: 21—185: 

a. Nature and powers, 40 — 132- : 11 — 204-09: 10 — 92: 

b. Appoints Washington Commander-in-chief: 40 — 133: 

c. Committee of Correspondence. 

d. Declaration of Independence, 40 — 191-97: 39: 31 — 131- 
35: 21—188: 

1) Constitutional position of the Declaration. 

2) Political theories. 

e. State governments, 40 — 157: 21 — 187: 

5. The Struggle. 

a. British Policy. 

b. American Policy. 

c. Campaign of 1776, 2 — 206: 12 — 84: 3 — 186-90: 40 — 200-28: 
22: 31: 38—89-90: 21—195: 52: 

1) British capture New York, 21 — 193: 

2) Washington captures Hessians at Trenton — Princeton 

d. Campaigns of 1777, References same as c. 

1) Capture of Philadelphia (Read 21 — 196:) Valley 
Forge, 21 — 198: 

2) Burgoyne's campaign, 38: 21—197: (Read Thomp- 
son's "Rangers.") 

a) purpose. 

b) Why it failed, 3 — 191: 2 — 207-08: 

c) Saratoga Convention. 

d) Effect of campaign on the country — Conway Cabal, 

3—194: 31— 141: 

e. Foreign relations, 41-130, 132-35, 9-11: 2: 3: 12: 22: 38: 

1) Relation of England to France and Europe, 41 — 146- 
62: 

2) French alliance — terms of treaty, 21 — 199: 

3) Lord North's conciliatory proposals, 

f. Campaigns of 1778. 

1) Conquest of the Northwest by Clark, 3 — 197:21 — 201: 



20 



2) Monmouth — Lee (Read "Caldwell of Springfield." — 
Bret Harte.) 

g. Campaigns in the South, 1778-80, 38 — 97-99: 

1) British successes under Clinton and Cornwallis. 

2) American movements under LaFayette, Gates, 

Greene, etc. 

h. Arnold's treason. (Read Hugh Wynne — Mitchell.) 
1) Execution of Andre, 2 — 214-16: 

i. The Yorktown Campaign — results, 21 — 214: 3 — 208: 10 — 

1-3: 41—285-90: 
j. Naval affairs — Paul Jones, 2 — 219-29: 3 — 198: 41 — 116-30: 

31 — 146-49: 21 — 204: 
k. Finances of the Revolution, 2: 3: 12: 41 — 197-200: 21 — 

206-08, 210: 

1) Continental currency, 36 — 87: 

2) Loans. 

3) Requisitions. 

1. Congress and the army, 2 — 200-222: 40 — 242-48: 10 — 101- 
18. 

1) Military weakness of government — total number of 
troops, 

2) Difficulty of paying troops. 

3) Dread of the army. (Compare with present feeling), 
10—105: 40—243: 

a) Order of the Cincinnati, 10 — 115: 21 — 218: 

4) Newburgh Address. 

m. Loyalists during the Revolution, 3 — 178: 2 — 224: 10 — 

120-24, 41-index Tories, 
n. Treaty of Paris, 1783, 10: 12: 2: 38 — 102: 

1) Overthrow of Lord North's Ministry (IX. B. 5.) 

2) Preliminary negotiations, 10 — 1-24: 2 — 225-28: 21 — 216: 

3) The Treaty, 39: 21 — 217, 219: 12: 

a) Independence. 

b) Boundaries of territory, 31 — 150: 12 — map 3: 52 

c) Fisheries. 

d) Surrender of places 

e) Commerce 

f) Tories 

g) Debts 

o. Effects of the war in America, 38 — 105: 12 — 99: 21 — 220: 

X. THE CRITICAL PERIOD. 1783-89. 

"A nation without a national government is an awful spec- 
tacle." — Federalist. 

A. Growth of the Union, 11 — 202-04: 

1. New England Confederation, 1643. 

2. Intercolonial Correspondence and 

3. Conference at Albany, 1684. 

4. Franklin and Albany Convention, 1754. 

5. Bill of Rights, 1765. 

6. Committees of Correspondence, 1765. 

7. First Continental Congress, 1774. 

8. Declaration of Rights, 1775. 

9. Declaration of Independence, 1776. 

10. Adoption of Articles of Confederation, 1781. 

11. Annapolis Convention, 1786. 

12. Constitutional Convention, 1787. 

13. First National Congress, i789 v 



2 i 



B. Government under Articles of Confederation. 

1. History of Document and its ratification, 2: 3: 31: 12 — 93: 
36-89: 38: 52: . . 

a. Reason for delay in adoption 

b. Maryland and the cession of territory. 

2. Analysis of the Articles, 2: 10 — 93-100: 12 — 104: 3 — 210: 

a. Powers of State. 

1) Retain sovereignty, (Art. II.) 

2) Execute the decrees of the Confederation 

3) Could not be coerced. 

4) Each state had one vote in congress. (Art. V.) 

b. Powers of Confederation. 

1) Declare war, (Art. IX.) 

2) Make treaties (Art. IX.) 

3) Send ambassadors (Art. IX.) 

4) Coin money (Art. IX.) 

5) Establish postroads (Art. IX.) 

6) Manage the Indians (Art. IX.) 

7) Sustain the navy (Art. IX.) 

8) Fix standards of weights and measures (Art. IX.) 

9) Nine states .must consent (Art. X.) 

c. Limitation of powers of Confederacy, 31 — 163: 

1) No Executive or Judiciary (Art. IX.) 

2) Could not collect taxes (Art. VIII.) 

3) Could not raise an army (Art. IX.) 

3. Evils of the Critical Period, 

a. Weakness of the central government. 

1) Financial, 12 — 109-11: 10: 28 — 222-23: 

a) System — Morris's administration — Bank of North 
America, 10 — 167: 

b) Currency — paper money — Jefferson's plan of coin- 
age, 10 — 165: 23 — 198: 

c) Resources — postoffice — requisitions, 10 — 105: 

d) Loans — foreign — Dutch, 23 — 228: 10 — 156: 

e) Expenditures — half pay— Newburgh address, 23 — 
180-83 • 

f) Financial amendments — 5 per cent scheme— revenue- 

2) Difficulty of negotiating commercial treaties, 10 — 139: 
28— 251: 10: 17—13: 

b. Interstate jealousies and conflicts, 36 — 91-92: 

1) Commercial disputes, 10 — 144-47: 43 — 21, 32: 2 — 254: 

2) Territorial disputes, 10 — 147-53: 12 — 112: 

a) Pennsylvania and Connecticut — Wyoming Valley, 
23 — 210-16: 37: 

b) New Hampshire and N. Y. — Vermont. 

c. Anarchy within the individual states, 12— 1 12-13: 36 — 92: 
1) Financial legislation, 38 — 119: 

a) Coinage, 10 — 165: 23 — 189-93: 38 — 120: 

b) Paper money craze— Shay's Rebellion, 10 — 168-85: 
23—281-85, 304-40: 17— 16-19: 3—212: 43—32: 

d. Foreign relations, 10 — 119-33, 138-42, 208: 12 — 115: 2 — 
251: 38—117: 52: 

1) With Great Britain 

a) Commercial restrictions 

b) Treaty of 1783— Loyalists— British debts— North- 
western posts. 

2) With Spain — boundary disputes — navigation of Mis- 

sissippi. 

4. Causes of these evils. 

a. Social, 2—254: 10—56-57: 38—121: 11—208: 



22 

1) No national spirit. 

2) State selfishness. 

3) Financial distress, 10 — 162: 
b. Political, 43 — 16: 10 — 98: 

1) Clumsy machinery — lack of power — difficulty of 
amendment — no executive. 
C. The Federal constitution. 

"The American constitution is the most wonderful work 
ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of 
man." — Gladstone. 

1. Events leading to the Federal Convention, 10 — 213-22: 
23—278, 390-99: 

a. Alexandria Convention, 1785, 2 — 256: 38 — 122: 36 — 93: 
17—19: 

b. Annapolis Convention, 1786, 2: 12 — 121: 38: 31 — 165: 
36: 17: 48—8: 

c. Shay's Rebellion — its influence, 43 — 32: 10 — 185: 3 — 213: 
38 — 122: 17 — 19: 

d. Failure of proposed impost amendment, 43 — 32: 10 — 218 
-20: 

e. Tardy endorsement by Congress, 10 — 220: 12 — 121: 19: 

2. The Convention, 1787. 

"Let us raise a standard to which the wise and the honest 
can repair; the event is in the hand of God." — Washington. 

a. Personnel, 10 — 224-29: 2 — 257-58: 38 — 124: 17 — 22-27: 23 
—419-23: 52—224: 

b. Difficulties of the convention, 12—122-23: 

1) The task. 

2) Want of authority. 

3) Divisions among members, 3 — 215: 17 — 31-36: 

a) Strong or weak central government, 10 — 233: 

b) Opposition between large and small states, 10 — 244: 

c) Slavery, 10 — 256-62: 

d) Commerce, 10 — 263-64: 

3. Sources of the Constitution, 31 — 168: 

a. Unwritten — American experience, 12 — 124: 

b. Written, 11 — 187-96 (See also 11 — 197-99 for suggestions) 

1) English — The great Charters — Bill of Rights. 

2) Colonial — Mayflower compact — Fundamental Orders. 

3) State constitutions and Articles of Confederation, 
12—125: 

4. Compromises, 12 — 125: 2 — 260: 3—216: 38 — 130: 43 — 41: 
31—167: 36—94-96: 52: 

a. State sovereignty. 

b. Representation of states — bicameral system, 10: 

1) The Virginia plan, 23 — 438-44: 17—32: 10: 

2) New Jersey plan, 23 — 444: 

3) Connecticut compromise, n — 214: 17 — 32. 

c. Slavery, 12: 10: 23: 2: 3: 17—32: 43: 52: 

1) Representation of slaves, 11— 213: 

2) Slave trade. 

3) Fugitive slaves 

5. Critical decisions 

a. To substitute and not amend — revolutionary, 17 — 38: 3 — 
215: 

b. Individuals and states the units, 10 — 233, 236: 

c. Ratified by nine states, 17— 37: 10—302-03: 36—97: 29— 
1-19: 

6. The Executive — nature — tenure of office — election, 10 — 277 



23 



-85: 43—4-'-43: 48—22-25: 23—441-42: 45i: 31—168: 12— 
127: 2 — 269: 

7. The Supreme Court, 2: 38—126: 10 — 300-301: 17 — 46:. 48: 

8. Ratification, 12: 2: 10—306-45: 3: 43—53: 17— 51-61: 23— 
454-501: 52: 

"Should the states reject this excellent constitution, the prob- 
ability is that opportunity will never again offer to cancel an- 
other in peace; the next will be drawn in blood." — Washington. 

a. Action of Congress. 

b. Popular feeling — arguments for and against, 48 — 12: 

c. Political parties, 43 — 47-57 (all should read): 19 — 15: 10 
— 38: 31 — 202: 

d. The struggle in the states, 

1) Massachusetts. 

2) Virginia. 

3) New York 

4) Other states. 

5) Amendments proposed — adopted (10). 

6) Federalist — author — purpose — value, 17 — 54-55: 
38: 23: 43: 

D. Analysis of the Constitution, 11 — 287-302, 212-56: 48 — 50: 

1. Legislative department 

a. House of Representatives, .48 — 94: 50 — 550-57: 

1) Eligibility of members 

2) Apportionment — census 

3) Number — original — present. 

4) Represents what? 

5) Term of office 

6) Duties and powers. 

7) Presiding officer. 

b. Senate, 48—71-93: 50—546-50: 

1) Eligibility 

2) How elected. 

3) Number. 

4) Term of office 

5) Power of impeachment. 

6) Duties and powers. (See 5 below.) 

2. Executive department. 

a. President — Vice-President, 48 — 37-51, see index: 50— see 
index: 

1) Eligibility. 

2) How elected, 31 — 170: 

3) Term of office 

4) Impeachment 

5) Duties and powers (see 5 below). 

b. Cabinet, see index to 17: 31: 48: 10: 11: 2 — 287: 52 — 237: 

1) Origin of, 48: 10: 12 — 144: 52: 

2) How chosen 

3) Number — original — present 

4) Term of office 

5) Duties 

6) Relation to -presidency, 50 — 565: 

3. Judicial department, 48—167: 50 — 555: 

a. Judges, 38—126, 139: 2—287: 

1) How chosen 

2) Number — original — present, 50: 

3) Term of office 

4) Duties . 

5) How removable. 

b. Courts, 43—96: 



24- 



1) Supreme 

2) Circuit 

3) District. 

4. Congress. 

a. Time of meeting. 

b. Adjournment. 

c. Treason 

d. How a Bill becomes a Law, 50—554: 

e. Powers 

5. President — duties and powers. 

a. Commander of army. 

b. Makes treaties. 

c. Transmits messages. 

d. Appomtb in connection with senate: 

1) Ambassadors — Ministers — Consuls. 

2) Judges. 

3) Postmasters. 

4) Army and navy officers. 

5) Federal officers. 

6. Amendments to Constitution — how passed. 

E. The Public Domain (A germ of National Sovereignty — 
Fiske.) 

1. Claims to western lands, 2 — 241: 12 — map-3: 24 — map: 
10 — 189: 

a. King's claim — treaty of 1763 
1) Province of Quebec. 

b. Massachusetts. 

c. Connecticut. 

d. New York. 

e. Virginia. 

f. North Carolina. 

g. South Carolina. 

h. Georgia. 

2. Validity of these claims, 2 — 243: 

3. The cessions 1781-1802, 2 — 244: 10 — 191: 24 — 476: 36 — 89: 

a. Reasons, for cessions, 31 — 158: 

b. Conditions of cessions, 31 — 160: 24 — 478: 

1) New York, Virginia, and Massachusetts. 

2) Virginia and Connecticut Reserves. 

4. Organization of Northwest Territory. 

a. Congressional resolve of 1780, 43 — 98: 10 — 193: 12 — 107: 

b. Ordinance of 1784 — Jefferson's plan, 10 — 196: 23 — 165: 
12 — 107: 

c. Ordinance of 1785: 11 — 81-87: 

1) Reason for ordinance 

2) Method of surveying the public lands — principal mer- 
idian- — base line — range line — township line — number- 
ing of houses in cities. 

3) . Effects of this system in the West. 

4) Reservation for public schools. 

d. Ordinance of 1787, 2: 3: 10: 11: 17: 24: 38: 43: 12: 31: 
39: 52: 

"I doubt whether one single law of any law-giver, ancient 
or modern, has prodtrced effects of more distinct, marked, and 
lasting character than the Ordinance of 1787." — Daniel Webster. 
1) Terms, 3: 2: 11: 31: 39: 52: 

a) Civil and religious liberty. 

b) Slavery (Jefferson's principle,) 10 — 205: 

c) Educational provisions 

d) Admission of states. 



25 



2) Its importance, 43 — 100: 10 — 206-07: 
F. Social Progress, 10 — 70-89: 2 — 249: 31 — 175: 

1. Emancipation of slaves. 

2. Growth towards religious freedom. 

3. Abolition of primogeniture. 

4. The franchise liberalized, 17 — 49: 

5. Characteristics of the people, 31 — 175: 23 — 1-100: 

a. Distribution of population, 12 — 138: 

b. The cities. 

c. Absence of sentiment of union — reasons, 10 — 55-57, 60- 
63: 31—187-89: 

1) Reasons for a union, 11 — 200: 10 — 88: 

XI. THE FEDERALIST SUPREMACY. 1789- 1801. 

A. Washington's Administration, 1789-97. 

"First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his 
fellow-citizens." — Lee (43 — 451-note). 

1. The election, 29: 23 — 525: 43: 12: 2: 17: 19: 36: 38: 

a. Election of electors. 

b. Method of selecting President and Vice-President, 31 — 
170; 

1) Vote for Adams for Vice-p. — Hamilton's opposition; 
reasons, 

c. The inaugeration, 31: 2 — 284: 43: 29—30: etc. 

2. Organization of Congress, 12: 43: 24: 19: 

a. Method of electing members. 

b. Personnel. 

3. Organization of the Executive, 12: 43: 17 — 89: 
a. Executive departments, 43 — 93: 36—105: 

1) Secretary of State (Department of Foreign Affairs) — 
Jefferson. 

a) Duties. 

2) Secretary of Treasury — Hamilton, 
a) Duties. 

3) Secretary of War — Henry Knox. 

4) Attorney-General — Randolph. 

5) , Politics of members, 3 — 220: 19: 

6) Relation to Congress, 17 — 89: 

7) Salaries, 43—104: 38—104: 

4. Organization of the Judiciary, 12: 43: 2: 17: 

a. John Jay. 

b. Important decisions — their effect upon the states, 17 — 
127: 

5. Revenue Measures, 12: 38: 51: 3: 2: 31: 17: 36: 49: 43: 
23—545-50, 460: 52. 

a. Tariff of 1789 (Was this a "Protective" tariff?) 49 — 132: 
43—86: 23: 

b. Hamilton's Scheme, 43 — 130: 23 — 568: 

"He smote the rock of national resources, and abundant 
streams of revenue burst forth. He touched the corpse of Public 
Credit and it sprang upon its feet." — Webster. 

1) Increased revenue — tariff of 1789 changed in '90 and 
'92. 

2) International revenue — purpose — effect. 52 — 241 : 
a) Whiskey rebellion, 31: 24 — 189: 12 — 163: 52: 

3) National debt — assumption and funding. 

a) Foreign debt — origin — amount 

b) Domestic debt — origin — amount. 



26 



c) State debts — relation to location of national capital. 
49—147-50. 

4) United States Bank — the mint, 3—224-25: 

a) Question of "implied powers," 36 — 113: 17 — 83: 51 — 
105: 49—170: 

6. Slavery question, 12: references as above: 2 — 291: 43 — 142: 

a. Anti-slavery memorials, 3 — 226^ 

b. Fugitive Slave Act, 17 — 108: 3: 

7. The first census 1790. 

a. Population. 

b. Number of Representatives in congress. 

8. Re-election of Washington and Adams, 3 — 230: 29: 17: 

a. Reasons for Washington's second term. 

b. Political complexion of congress, 43 — 258: 

c. Change in method of electing presidents, 29: 24 — 85: 19: 

9. Foreign affairs. 

a. European situation, 12: 

1) French Revolution — relation to American Revolution. 
(Read Dickens' Tale of Two Cities.) 

2) War between France and England, 52 — 246: 

b. General policy — under confederation — under Washing- 
ton, 17 — 100-01: 

c. Washington's policy of neutrality — proclamation, 12: 
17: 3: 

1) French sympathizers — American colonalism, 17 — 103: 
24 — 89-96 : 

d. Relations with France. 

1) Genet and his mission — effect of career on Ameri- 
cans, 12 — 160: 52: 

e. Relations with England, 2: 12: 17: 43: 24: 36: 3: 38: 31: 

1) Friction over treaty of 1783. 

2) Impressment of seamen. 

3) Rule of 1756, 2 — 299: 31: 

4) Jay's treaty of 1794, 36 — 122: 

a) Terms, 3—235: 

b) Effect upon people, 38 — 148: 

c) Effect upon Federalist party, 38 — 149: 

d) Political effect — posponed war. 

f. Relations with Spain. 

1) Treaty of 1795 — boundary question — right of deposit 
— navigation of Mississippi, 3 — 236: 2 — 302: 44: 43 — 
307: 

10. Presidential election, 1796, 29: 19: 

a. Candidates. 

b. Issues. 

c. Election. 

d. Political complexion of Congress. 

11. Farewell address of Washington, 17—136: 38: 52: 
B. Administrative of Adams, 1797 — 1801. 

1. The Cabinet, 2: 12: 17— 137, 157: 29—54: 

2. Foreign Affairs — France, 2: 3: 12: 17: 43: 38: 36: 19: 31: 
Si: 49: 52: 

"Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." — C. C. 
Pinckney. 

a. Negotiations with France — Monroe — Pinckney. 

b. The X. Y. Z. affair, 1798, 24—368: 

1) Its political effect, 2 

2) Military preparations — naval warfare — France yields, 
31—213: 

c. Treaty with France, 1800, 17 — 142: 



27 

3. Alien and Sedition Acts, 17 — 151-55: references as above. 

a. Purpose of. 

b. Enforcement of Sedition Act — opposition. 

c. Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, 17: 

d. Political effect. 

4. Election of 1800, 29: 

a. Contest — candidates — result. 

5. The Judiciary Act, 1801, 3 — 12: 2: 17: etc. 
a. Midnight appointments. 

6. Death of Washington. 1799. 

C. Growth of the United States, 1783 — 1801. 

1. Population — distribution — census of '90-of '00, 2: 3: 31: 

38—161-63: 

2. Commercial and industrial. 

a. Steam for motive power — Robert Fulton. 

b. Cotton-gin — Eli Whitney. 

1) Importance — influence upon slavery, 3 — 229: 

c. Commerce, 2 — 322-23: 38 — 164: 

3. Expansion — admission of new states. 

4. Intellectual life, 2 — 329-30: 

a. Literature. 

b. Education. 

c. Art — West — Copley, etc. 

5. Social life, 24 — 538-47: 

a. The home, 24 — 542-45: 

1) The house. 

2) Amusements. 

3) Styles. 

b. The theater, 24 — 546-450: 

c. Roads — Lancaster turnpike, 24 — 554: 

d. Traveling — stage coach, 24 — 560: 3 — 245: 

6. Immigration — causes of increased, 36—144: 

7. Emigration — western, 31 — 241: 24 — 573-76: 

8. Description of new Capital, etc. 
E. The Downfall of the Federalists. 

1. Federal views, 31 — 205: 19: (see also X. C. 8. d.) 

"The rich, the well-born, and the able, * * * must be sep- 
arated from the mass and placed by themselves in a senate." — 
Adams, John. 

a. Strong central government — implied powers of consti- 
tution, 3 — 226: 245: 

b. No faith in the democrcy — a government by leaders, 
12—175: 3—330: 

c. Hamilton — a type of the Federalists, 38 — 137-38: 2 — 283: 
43—170-71 : 

2. Amti-Federalist or Republican views, 31 — 205: 19: (see 
also X. C. 8. d.) 

"I am persuaded that the good sense of the people will al- 
ways be found the best army. They may be led astray for a 
moment, but they will soon correct themselves." — Jefferson. 

a. Strong state governments — strict constructionists, 3 — 
226, 245: 

b. Faith in democracy — a government by the people, 12 — 
175: 

c. Jefferson — a type of the Republicans, 3 — 226: 38 — 136- 
37: 36—152-53: 

3. Causes of downfall of Federalists, 43 — 500-01: 17-165: 38 — 
160-61 : 

a. Prosecutions under Sedition Act; 12 — 171: 



28 



b. Internal dissessions, 24 — 490: 12 — 172: 

c Uprising of Democracy, 3 — 330: 36 — 138-39: 38 — 160-61: 

d. Fear of monarchy, 36—144-45: 

XII. JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM. 1801-1819. 

A. Jeffersonian Principles, 43 — 474: 44 — 1-4: 38 — 165: 24 — 534: 

2: 19: 

1. For domestic matters. 

a. Restriction of government, 36 — 152: 

b. Economy — simplicity. 

c. Public debt, 
tl. Conciliation. 

2. For foreign affairs. 

a. Commercial relations, 

b. Alliances. 

3. Inaugeration and address — political meaning, 12 — 178: 

B. Civil Service. 

1. Three principles governing Jefferson. 44 — 6: 12 — 179: 24 — 
585: (Was he consistant?) 

2. Political removals, 12 — 179: 44—7-9: 2: 17: 24: 38: 36: 

3. Attack on the Judiciary, 12 — 180: 2: 17: 24—607: 38: 36: 

a. Repeal of the Judiciary Act. 

b. Impeachments. 

c. Chief Justice Marshall's decisions. 

1) Marshall as a Judge — influence upon Constitution, 17: 

C. Financial Measures, 12: 2: 38: 44: 36: 24: 17: 

1. Income and expenses. 

2. Gallatin and his retrenchment plans. 

a. Army and navy — condition. 

b. West Point Military School established, 17—174: 

c. Repeal of internal duties, 17: 

d. Repeal of bankruptcy law — reasons, 17 — 177: 

D. Election of 1804 — collapse of Federalism, 29: 19: etc. 
1. Change in method of electing President. 

a. 12th amendment to the Constitution, 17: 29: 19: 

E. Expansion. 

1. Louisiana Purchase 1803. 

"There is on the globe one single spot, the possessor of which 
is our natural and habitual enemy." — Jefferson. 

a. Reasons for purchase by U. S.., 31 — 218: 49 — 257: 36: 

1) Ceded to France 1800 — a dangerous neighbor, 2 — 227: 

44—39: 

2) "Right of deposit" closed to U. S., 24 — 621: 2 — 33: 38: 
44 — 40: see XI, A. 9. f. H 

3) Necessity of free navigation of Mississippi by U. S. 

b. Negotiations. 

1) Territory wanted by U. S., 38 — 171: 12 — 186: 3: 31: 
a) Money appropriated — Monroe appointed minister. 

2) Territory offered by Napoleon, 17: 2: 3: 44: 24: 36: 
12: 49: etc. 

a) Discussion and acceptance — cost. 

b) Reasons for offer by Napoleon, 17 — 179-80: 44 — 46: 

c) Boundaries — indefinite, 12 — 187: 38: 2: 52: 

(Texas was included in this territory, 38 — 172: 2 — 
340). 

c. The treaty before Congress — ratified — vote, 24 — 629-32: 
44—50: 25—1: 



29 



i) Attitude of Federalists, 3 — 249: 

(Compare their arguments with present — 1899 — anti- 
expansionists.) 

d. Was the purchase constitutional? 2 — 339: 3: 17: 44—51: 
38 — 171: 24 — 628: 

1) Jefferson's views, 25 — 1: 
a) His reasons for the purchase. 

e. Influence of the purchase upon: 3 — 251: 

1) "Strict construction" theory, 17: 

2) Extent of territory — navigation of Mississippi. 

3) Bond of Union in the Southwest. 

4) Internal improvements. 

5) Slavery, 17: 

6) New England, 
a) Secession plot. 

2. Florida purchase, 2: 3: 45: 18- — 19-38: 25: 

a. West Florida. 

1) Claimed by U. S. 1803. 

3) Negotiations for purchase by U. S. 

3) Siezed by U. S. 1810, 38—185: 

b. Jackson's invasion 1818, 38 — 199: 

c. Sold to the U. S. — cost — terms — Texas. 

d. Benefit to the U. S. — Oregon, 3—283: 12 — 234: 

3. Oregon, 31—219: 25: 52—269: 

a. Lewis and Clark expedition, 1804-06. 

b. Pike's expedition, 1805-06. 

c. Astoria founded, 181 1. 

d. Joint occupancy with Great Britain. 

F. Burr Conspiracy, 44: 25: 2: 17: etc. 

1. Early career — presidency. 

a. Connection with New England secession movement — 
candidate for governship of N. Y. — defeated by Hamil- 
ton, leading to: 

b. Duel with Hamilton — results to Burr. 

2. Expedition to the West — capture and trial. 

3. Subsequent career and death. 

G. War with Tripoli 1801-05, 25 — 200-08: 44: 

1. Causes of war. 

2. Results — navy, 36 — 163: 38: 12: 

H. War of 1812, 

1. Causes, 17: 31 — 231: 44: 25: 26: 36: 

a. Revolutionary animosity in South and West, 12 — 204: 

b. Impressment of seamen, 12 — 194: 2 — 345: 3 — 265: 

c. Disputes over treaty of 1783. 

d. England's violation of neutral rights, 12 — 191: 2 — 343: 3: 

e. Personal ambitions — Young Republicans, 12 — 203-04: 
2—354: 52: 

f. Hope of conquest of Canada, 12 — 205: 2 — 254: 

g. Encouragement of Indian outbreak by British — Tecum- 
seh, 3: 2—352: 

2. Neutral trade, references same as above. 

a. Limitations — blockade — contraband — free ships — free 
goods — Rule of 1756 

b. Value of neutral trade. 

c. Aggressions, 12 — 191: 

1) Admiralty decisions. 

2) Continental system. 

3) Orders and Decrees 

3. Foreign policy (under Jefferson) 
a. Peaceable coercion, 49: 44: 52: 



30 



1) Non-importation Act, 31 — 226: 

2) Embargo — results — repeal. 

3) Pinckney treaty. 

4) Non-intercourse acts. 

b. Results of Jefferson's policy, 36 — 170: 38 — 182-83: 

c. Fruitless negotiations (under Madison) 49: 

1) Erksine treaty. 

2) Jackson's negotiations. 

3) Macon Bill, No. 2. 

4. Election of 1808, 29: 19: 44: 25: 17: 

a. Method of nomination — issues — result. 

5. Strength of combatants, 12: 17 — 233: 2 — 257: 

a. Population, 25 — 259: 

b. Financial resources — revenue, 44 — 344: 

c. National spirit. 

1) Attitude of the Federalists, 36 — 174.75: 17 — 240-44: 

2) Attitude of New England— Why was war unpopular 
there? 12 — 214: 3: 

3) Sentiment divided between England and France — 
Henry letters, 3 — 264: 

d. The army — number — leaders. 

1) Policy towards army (compare with policy before 
Spanish War) 

e. The navy — Jefferson's gunboats — character. 

6. Was war unavoidable? 17 — 227: 38 — 188-89: 

7. The War, 31—233-40: 26: 44: 2: 3: 12: etc. 

a. On the Northern frontier — results. 

1) Hull at Detroit. 

2) Invasion of Canada. 

3) Perry's victory. 

''We have met the enemy and they are ours." — Perry. 

4) McDonough's victory. 

b. Capture of Washington — Attack on Baltimore (Star 
Spangled Banner) 

c. Naval affairs, 26 — 70-120: 

1) Constitution and Guerriere (read Old Ironsides — 
Holmes) 

2) Wasp and Frolic — Macedonian and United States- 
Constitution and Java — Peacock and Hornet — Enter- 
prise and Boxer — Argus and Pelican, etc. 

3) Chesapeake and Shannon (read 26 — 91-96) 
"Don't give up the ship." — Lawrente. 

4) Privateers — Paul Jones. 

d. Battle of New Orleans — after treaty (similar to capture 
of Manila) 

e. Secession movement in New England. 
1) Hartford convention, 17: 

8. Peace of Ghent. 

a. Preliminary negotiations, 44 — 435: 

b. Terms of treaty, 17—247: 

1) Territory. 

2) Fisheries. 

3) Impressment. 

9. Results of War, 12: 3: 17: 
a. Political, 12: 

1) Development of national spirit, 52: 

2) Withdrawal from European politics, 

3) Respect for American sailor. 

4) Decay of Federalist party, 36 — 182: 44 — 430: 

5) Great questions at issue unsettled. 



31 



b. Economic. 

1) Recstablishment of U. S. Bank, 52: 

2) Growth of manufacturing, leading to: 

3) Growth of ideas of protection, 52: 

4) Emigration to South and West, 52 — 297: 

5) Sentiment for ''Internal improvement." 52: 

XII). ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL RLORGANIZA- 
TION. 1817-1829. 

A. Monroe's Administration, 1817-25. 
"Era of Good Feeling." 

1. Candidates — issues — election, 29: 19: 46: 
a. Cabinet, 12: 26 — 377: 

2. Causes of "Good Feeling," 31: 36 — 190: 46: 

a. Growth of National spirit. 

b. Disappearance of Federal party. 

c. Monroe's tour, 26 — 377-80: 

d. Commercial and industrial prosperity. 

3. Foreign Relations, 2 — 274: 31: 46: 18: 
a. With Great Britain, 26—457-83: 

1) Commercial convention. 

2) Fishery treaty. 

3) Northern boundary — Oregon — Canadian boundary. . 
b. With Spain, 26—475: 

1) Acquisition of Florida (see XII. E. 2.) 
c. With Russia, 12 — 244: 
1) Treaty of 1824 — Oregon. 

4. The "Monroe Doctrine." 12: 2: 31: 3: 36: 38: 46: 18: 
"The American continents, by the free and independent 

condition which they have assumed and maintained, are 
henceforth not to be considered as subjects for furture col- 
onization by any European power." — Message to Congress 
— Monroe, (see 2 — 380:) 

a. Causes for promulgation. 

1) Relations with Latin-American States. 

a) The Holy Alliance and Spanish colonies. 

b) American commercial interests there. 

2) Russian colonization — English proposals. 

b. Monroe's message to Congress — the Doctrine, 31: 

1) Three guiding principles, 31 — 264. 

2) Effect upon Europe, 12: 

(Is the possession of the Philippine Islands by U. S. 
contrary to the Monroe Doctrine?) 

5. The Slavery question revived, 12: 2: 31: 36 — 273-81: 18: 
"Like a fire-bell in the night."— Jefferson. 

a. In colonial days, 2 — 140-42: 1:3: 18 — 39: etc. 

b. Attempts to limit slavery ,18 — 48: 12 — 237: 

1) Ordinances of 1784, 1787: 

2) State emancipation, 12 — 1 13-14: 

3) Slave trade forbidden, 1807. 

4) Schemes of colonization, 12 — 237: 

c. Revival of slavery: 1815-20, due to, 3: 

1) Cotton gin. 

2) Louisiana territory. 

3) Development of Southern industries. , 

d. The Missouri Compromise, 1820, 3: 38: 26—570: 46: 

1) Arkansas debate — 

2) Missouri — Maine bills. 



32 



3) Terms of the Compromise. 

4) Its effect on North and South, 12: 2: 

6. The Growth of Protection, (see index — tariff — in 12: 2: 3: 
18: 36: 27: 

a. Colonial tariffs, 

b. Under Articles of Confederation. 

c. Tariff of 1789, 31: 38: 

1) Revenue or Protection? 

2) Attitude of North and South. 

d. Change to Protection, 26: 44: 27: 

1) Influences leading to change. 

2) Tariff of 1816. 

a) Revenue or Protection. 

b) Attitude of Clay — Webster — Jefferson — Calhoun. 

3) Tariff of 1824 — increased protection, 45 : 
a) Attitude of the South. 31 — 303: 

4) Tariff of '28 — Tariff of Abominations, 38: 52: 45: 

a) Tariff agitation. 

b) Principles of this bill. 

c) Southern protest, 31 — 303: 27 — 51: 

B. Political Reorganization, 1825-29. 

1. Political methods, 12 — 245: 2: 3: 

a. Old statesmen gone. 

b. New state constitutions — characteristics. 

c. Political proscriptions, 31: 

1) Crawford's Four Year Tenure Act. 

2) Gerrymandering, 11: 

d. The caucus, 12 — 247: 

2. Election of 1824 — End of caucus system, 29: 19: 18: 45: 
"The scrub race for the presidency." 

a. Candidates. 

1) Their views — internal improvements. 

b. The election. 

1) Electoral and popular vote. 

2) In the House of Representatives. 

3) Alleged corrupt bargain. 

C. Administration of John Quincy Adams, 1825-29, 45: 18: 12: 
36: 2: 3: 38: 31: 52: 

"knight without fear and without reproach." 

1. Internal improvements, 31: 

a. Improvements in means of travel and transportation. 

1) Steamboats. 

2) Canals. 

3) Railroads (not steam) 

b. Erie canal — its effect, 31 : 

c. First river and harbor bill, 12-253: 

2. Foreign Relations, 2: 45: 

a. With Great Britain — West India ports, 45 — 391-92: 

b. Panama Congress, 12: 18: 

3. Opposition to . the Administration, 18 — 144-65: 45: 2: 

a. Causes, 18 — 146: 45 — 336: 12—259: 

1) Personal differences — Clay and the cabinet, 2: 

2) Party division — States' rights and Jackson — Calhoun 
— Crawford faction. 

b. Political investigations — Federal patronage — Retrench- 
ment, 12: 

c. Foreign relations — Spanish American Confederation — 
Panama Congress, 18 



33 



d. Internal improvements. 

e. Tariff of 1828, 27—40: 

f. Georgia and the Indian question, 2 — 292: 45: 

XIV. JACKSON1AN OR NATIONAL DEMOCRACY. 
1829- 1 844. 

A. Rise, character, and causes. 

1. A new epoch, 2: 18: 45: 27: 36: 31: 38: 52: 

a. • Population and area in 1830 — rural — distribution 
1) Migration to the West, 31 — 266-76: 

b. Improvements in transportation (see XIII. C. 1) 

c. Social changes, 2 — 410: 3 — 318: 36 — 260-68: , 

1) Extending suffrage, 27 — 15: 

2) Literature — Emerson — Hawthorne — Longfellow— 
Whittier — Holmes — Poe, etc., 46 — 254: 36 — 267: 3 — 
318: 27—109: 

3) Science — Gray — Dana — Agassiz, etc. 

4) Education — secondary education. 

5) Religion — Unitarianism, 36 — 263: 

6) South — no progress. 

2. Characteristics and causes — contrast with Jeffersonian 
Democracy. 

a. Attitude towards a strong central government, 2 — 400: 
27 — 20 : 

b. Character of the men in politics, 18 — 131: 27 — 11: 36: 

1) Adams — Crawford — Clinton— Clay — Calhoun — Web- 
ster — Jackson, etc. 

3. Election of 1828, 29: 19: 45: 

a. Issues — personal, 18 — 163: 

b. Vote — electoral — popular. 

c. Inauguration, 45: 

d. Cabinet — personnel, 45 — 453: 27 — 28: 

4. Development of party machinery, 29 — 126: 19 — 100: 27 — 20: 

a. Defeat of "King Caucus." 

b. Nominations by committee and conventions. 

5. The evolution of the "Spoils System." 

a. Origin of the system — New York— Pennsylvania, 11 — 
262: 36 — 216: 27 — 33: 

b. In the national government. 

1) Washington's test for office, 36—105: 43 — 108: 

2) Adams — "heir" to Washington's administration, 12 — 

l6 5: ... 

3) Jefferson— First change in parties — few changes, 2 — 
333: 3: 12:, etc. 

4) Few changes by successors — party appointments to 
fill vacancies. 

5) Crawford's Four Year Tenure of Office Bill, 1820 — 
makes vacancies. 

6) Jacqson's policy, 2: 3: 18: 27: 31: 36: 38: 45: 52: 11: 
"To the victors belong the spoils." — Marcy. 

a) Degraded politics — unchanged until 1883. 
6) Jackson's policy, 2: 3: 18: 27: 31: 36: 38: a~: 52: 11: 

a. Character — positiveness — directness — tenacity — com- 
bativeness — popularity. 

b. Military career. 

c. "Kitchen cabinet," 3: 27: 

B. Jackson's Administration, 1829-37. 

1. The Public Land question, 27 — 41: 



34 



"Union and Liberty, now and forever, one and insepar- 
able."— Webster. 

a. Political significance. 

b. Foot's resolution; leading to: 

c. Senator Hayne's great speech, and: 

d. Webster's Reply to Hayne, 45 — 483-88 (Read this ora- 
tion. For discussion see Scribner's Magazine, July, 1899) 

1) Effect of this oration on the country. 

2) Its rank in oratory. 52: 2: 
Internal improvements. 

a. Jackson's position. 

b. Pocket vetoes, 3 — 324. 

c. Riders, 27 — 39: 
Tariff and Nullification. 

"The laws of the United States must be executed * * * 
disunion by armed force is treason." 

"If a single drop of blood be shed there (South Carolina) 
in opposition to the laws of the United States, I will hang 
the first man I can lay my hands on, upon the first tree I 
can reach." — Jackson. 

a. Distinction between Nullification and Secession, 27 — 60: 

b. Early tendencies, see index — Secession — in 12: 

1) Kentucky and Virginia resolutions of 1798-99. 

2) New England threat 1803, 

3) Hartford Convention, 1814. 

4) Slavery question in Missouri, 1820. 

5) Georgia's defiance, 1825-29, 27 — 211: 

c. Causes, 27- — 59: 

1) The principle of Protection: as exemplified in: 
a) Tariffs of 1828, '32. 

2) Probable continuation of policy. 

d. The argument. 

1) Calhoun's "Exposition, 27: 

2) Webster — Hayne debate. 

3) Calhoun's address, 1831, 27 — 58: 

e. Tariff of '32. 

f. Nullification Ordinance, 39: 27: 3: 46—88: 18: 36: 
1) Terms, 3: 39: 18: 

g. Attitude of Jackson (position strengthened by his re- 
election, 2 — 420) 

1) Proclamation. 

2) Force Bill. 

a) Calhoun— Webster debate, 46 — 98: 

h. Compromise and reconciliation, 46 — 102: 2: 3: 36: 38: 18: 

1) Clay's tariff of '33. 

2) Repeal of Ordinance of Nullification. 

3) Results. 

"Nullification is dead. The tariffs * * * was a 
pretext * * * disunion and a Southern Confederacy 
was the real object. The next pretext will be the negro 
or the slavery agitation." — Jackson (in 1833), 3 — 316: 
Election of 1832, 29: 19: 46: 

a. Parties and candidates, 27: 

1) The first nomination convention, 31: '48 — 457~77' 

2) First "platform," 31: 

b. Importance of the election, 27: 
The Bank question. 

a. Early history, 27 — 69: 

1) Condition of finances under Confederation, 12 — 109: 

2) Necessity of good currency. 



35 



3) State banks and their evils, 27 — 70: 

4) Constitutionality of national banks, 27 — 70: 2 — 372: 

5) First U. S. Bank, 1791-1811 (see ) 

6) Second U. S. Bank. 1816-36. 

b. Jackson's hostility — reasons, 2 — 428: 31 — 306: 38: 27: 

1) Vetoes recharter bill. 

2) Removes deposits — distribution of surplus, 31: 18: 46: 

. 27: 

a) Effect — inflation, 27 — 89: 31: 

3) Censure and protest, 27 — 83: 

4) Specie circular — result, 2 — 434: 27 — 46: 3 — 323: 31: 19: 

6. Foreign affairs, 27: 2: 46: 38: 

a. With Great Britain — West India trade. 

b. With France — Spoliation claims. 

7. Abolition movement, 18: 46: 2: 3: 27—199-30: 

a. Philosophy of abolition, 18 — 245: 

b. Attitude of leading statesmen — Clay — Taney — John 
Quincy Adams, 3: 

c. William Lloyd Garrison — the Liberator, 2: 3: 18: 46: 

"I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising 
as justice." — Garrison. 

1) His views, 18 — 248: 

2) Treatment by the people. 

d. Nat Turner insurrection, 27 — 130: 

e. Slavery petitions in Congress, 1836, 31: 
1) "Gag" resolutions 

f. Abolition literature excluded from mails, 18: 31: 

(Compare with exclusion of Anti-expansion literature in 
1899). 

g. General effect of these measures, 18 — 274-75: 

8. Election of 1836, 29: 19: 18: 46: 

a. Parties — candidates. 

b. Nominations — how made. 

c. Issues. 

d. Result — vote — popular and electoral. 

C. The panic of '37. 

1. Causes, 36: 46: 27: 3: 

a. Business expansion — lands — trade, leading to: 

b. Speculation — effect on prices, leading to: 

c. . Cheap money — multiplication, of banks — actual capital. 

d. United States treasury methods. 

1) War on United States bank. 

2) Specie circular. 

3) Distribution of surplus. 

2. The collapse. 

a. Banks insolvent. 

b. Interest high. 

c. Prices fall. 

d. Effect on people, 3 — 326-27: 

3. Van Buren's policy, 27 — 93, 97: 18: 31: 46: 3: 
a. Sub-treasury scheme — independent treasury. 

D. Election of 1840, 29: 19: 46: 
''Tippecanoe and Tyler too." 

1. Parties— candidates. 

2. Issues — character of the contest, 2: 3: 36: etc. 

3. Election — result. 

a. Causes of Democratic defeat, 36: 

1) Panic of '37. 

2) Spoils system — defalcations. 

3) Personal opposition to Van Buren. 



36 



4. Inaugeration and death of Harrison. 

E. Administration of Tyler, 1841 — 45. 

1. Tyler and the Whigs. 

a. Independent Treasury Act. 

b. National Bank bill vetoed. 

c. Fiscal Corporation Act — vetoed. 
1) Cabinet resigned. 

d. Tariff of 1842. 

2. Foreign affairs. 

a. Ashburton — Webster treaty, 1842. 

b. Attempted annexation of Texas. 

F. Social and Material Development. 

1. Inventions, 3: 31: 27: 46: etc. 

a. Harvesting machinery — Revolvers — Vulcanized Rubber 
- — Daguerreotypes — Friction matches. 

b. Improvements in transportation. 

1) Steamships — Sirius and Great Western — Ericsson's 
screw propeller. 

2) Railroads — First American 1830, 3 — 316: 

c. Electric telegraph, 3 — 343-45: 
"What hath God wrought." — Morse. 

2. Mormonism — Joseph Smith. 

3. Brook Farm — Robert Owen. (Read Hawthorne's Blithe- 
dale Romance.) 

4. Spiritualism — Fox sisters. 

XV. SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES. 1844-1860. 

A. Slavery in the South, 27 — 125: 

1. Condition of slave life — treatment. 

a. Domestic slaves. 

b. Field hands. 

c. Sale of slaves — how limited. 
, 2. Economic effects. 

a. Upon agriculture. 

b. Poor whites. 

3. Legal status 

a. State choice. 

b. Federal limitation. 

1) Ordinance of 1787. 

2) Missouri Compromise. 

4. Southern apprehensions, 27 — 122: 

a. Anti-slavery movement, leading to: 

b. Hostile Federal legislation. Remedy for this: 

c. More slave territory, 2 — 443: 

B. Election of 1844 (First "Dark Horse"), 29: 19: 46: 18: 
"Fifty-four forty or fight." — Wm. Allen. 

1. The candidates — comparison, 46 — 472: 

2. Issues of three parties, 27: 

3. Result — cause — vote — popular and electoral. 

C. The Oregon question, 3: 46: 18: 27: 31: 

'What do we want with this vast worthless area, this region 
of savages and wild beasts, of deserts of shifting sands and 
whirlwinds of dust, of cactus, and prairie dogs?" — Webster. 

"There is the East! there is the road to India!" — Benton. 

1. Review early history (see ) 3 — 345: 27 — 147: 52: 

2. Marcus Whitman's ride — his influence on the annexation 
question. 

3. Negotiations with Great Britain — basis for 54 40. boun- 



37 

clary, 2—450: 
a. The treaty, 1846. 
4. Organization of territory, 1848. 
a. Slavery in the teritory. 

D. Annexation of Texas, 27: 46: 18: 2: 3: etc. 

1. Early history of territory (see ) 27 — 142: 

2. As an independent state, 1836, 31 — 320: 

3. First steps towards annexation, 1837-45, 12 — 143: 

a. Opposition in the North — reasons. 

b. Arguments for annexation. 

c. Tyler's treaty of annexation 1844 — rejected — reasons. 

1) His treaty of 1845 — ratified — terms of treaty, 3 — 341: 

4. Boundary disputes, 27: 46: 31: 18: 

a. Rival claims — which was right? 

b. Gen. Taylor's advance. 

E. The Mexican War. 

Literary references — Biglow Papers (First series) — Lowell. 
* 1. Causes. 

a. General — desire for more slave territory. 

b. Particular. 

1) Annexation of Texas. 

2) Boundary disputes. 

3) Designs on California. 

2. Occasion. 

a. Taylor's advance into disputed territory. 

1) Polk's war message. 

2) Lincoln's ''Spot" resolutions. 

3. The War. 

a. Gen. Taylor's campaign. (Read The Martyr of Mon- 
terey — Whittier.) 

b. - Gen. Scott's campaign. (Read Angels of Buena Vista 

—Whittier.) 

c. The conquest of California. 

d. Wilmot's Proviso — purpose — struggle for passage. 
1) Influence upon politics and parties, 27 — 154: 

e. Treaty of peace 1848 — terms. 

f. The Gadsen purchase, 1853. 

F. Financial measures under Polk's administration. 

1. Walker Tariff 1846, 46: 3: 2: 27: 

a. Protection or revenue? 

b. Terms of the tariff bill, 46: 27: 

c. Results, 2 — 451 : 

2. Independent Treasury Act, 27: 46: 3: 

G. California, 3 — 357: 47: 

1. Discovery of gold. 

a. Economic and political effects. 

1) Price of labor. 

2) Commerce. 

3) Coinage of silver. 

4) Immigration. 

5) Slavery in the West. 

2. Social conditions. 

a. Class of emigration — number. 

b. "Vigilance Committee" 

H. Election of 1848, 29: 19: 47: 27: 

1. The candidates. 

2. The parties — issues. 

a. Whigs — Democrats — Hunkers — Barnburners — 

3. Result — vote — popular and electoral. 



38 



Compromise of 1850. 

1. Political situation, 31 — 339: 47: 

a. Feeling in the South, 31 — 335: 37 — 165. 

b. Feeling in the North, 31 — 336: 27 — 167: 2 — 458: 

c. President Taylor's policy. 27 — 167: 3 — 362: 2—458: 

2. The Compromise. 

a. Terms. 3: 38: 2: 27: 31: 

1) Admission of California 

2) New Mexico and Utah organized — Slavery question. 

3) Slavery in D. C. 

4) Claims of Texas to New Mexico. 

5) Fugitive Slave law. 

3. The debate. 

"As things now stand, the Southern states cannot remain 
in the Union." — Calhoun. 

"There can be no such thing as peaceable secession. Dis- 
ruption must produce war, and such a war as I will not des- 
scribe." — Webster. 

"No earthly power could induce me to vote for the in- 
troduction of slavery where it had not before existed."- — • 
Clay. 

"All measures which fortify slavery or extend it, tend to 
the consummation of violence, — all that check its extension 
and abate its strength, tend to its peaceful extirpation." 
"There is a higher law than the Constitution * * * the 
law of nature written on the hearts and consciences of free- 
men." — Seward. 

4. Death of President Taylor. 

5. The "Omnibus" bill — terms — passage. 

6. Fugitive-Slave Law, 47: (Read Whittier's Ichabod) 

a. Early legislation — act of 1793. 

b. Provisions of the new Act, 31 — 341: 27 — 176: 2 — 463: 19: 

c. Difficulties of enforcement, 18 — 366-70: 

1) "Underground Railroad." 31 — 352: 

2) Attitude of free states, 3 — 368: 

d. Results of the law, 2 — 462-63: 18: 31: 38: 

1) State enactments — Personal Liberty laws, 3 — 367: 31— 
352: 

2) Public opinion (Uncle Tom's Cabin; Whittier's 
slave poems.) 

. Repeal of the Missouri Compromise. 

1. Election of 1852, 29: 19: 47: 

a. Nominations — candidates. 

b. Platforms — parties — issues. 

c. Result — popular and electoral vote. 

1) Cause of result, 38 — 243: 2 — 465: 18 — 377: 

2. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 47: 

a. The Nebraska bill — purpose; connection with; 

b. Kansas L Nebraska- bill. 

1) Popular Sovereignty ( "Squatter sovereignty"), 2 — 468: 

2) Repeals Missouri Compromise bill of 1820. 

c. Effect (Read "Kansas Emigrants," Whittier). 
1) Struggle for Kansas, 1854-59, 18 — 407: 

a) Emigration — Sons of the South — Free State Men, 
3—376: 

b) Election of 1855 — rival constitutions — Topeka Con- 
vention. 

c) Civil war — John Brown — Attitude of Federal gov- 
ernment — Sec. Davis, 18 — 472: 



89 

d) Wyandotte Convention, 1859: 

2) Political fate of supporters of the bill, 2: 3: 27: 18: 

3) Rise of the Republican party, 31 — 354: 27: 
K. Election of 1856, 27: 47: 29: 

1. Breaking up of old parties. 

a. Death of old leaders — Clay — Calhoun — Webster. 

b. Dissolution of Whig party into, 

1) Republicans. 

2) "Know-nothings." 

c. Dissolution of Democrats into, 

1) Northern faction — Anti-Nebraska. 

2) Southern faction — Democrats. 
. 2. Parties in 1856. 29: 19: 27: 

a. Americans ("Know-Nothings.") 

1) Origin — Anti-foreign movement, 27 — 180: 47: 18: 

2) Platform — candidates. 

b. Republicans. 

1) Platform — candidates. 

c. Democrats. 

1) Platform — candidates. 

d. Whigs — last convention. 
3. Election. 

a. Vote — electoral and popular. 
L. Dred Scott Case, 18: 47: 27: 

1. Status of slavery before the decision, 31 — 355: 

2. Question to be decided by the Supreme Court, 31 — 356:2:3: 

3. The decision, 31: 27: 38 — 251: 3: 

a. The citizenship of Dred Scott. 

b. Status of slaves as property. 

c. The Missouri Compromise. 

4. Effect of the decision. 

a. Upon extent of slavery, 27: 18 — 456-57: 

b. Upon the public opinion in the North. 

M. John Brown's raid, 1859, 27: 2: 47: (Read Brown of Ossa- 
w a t o m i e — W h i 1 1 i e r . ) 

1. Connection with civil war in Kansas. 

a. Public opinion on the raid, 18 — 440-41: 473 — 74: 

2. His character, 27 — 203: 

3. Capture of Harper's Ferry — Northern assistance. 

4. Trial and execution. 

5. Effect in the South. 

6. Republican disavowals. 
N. Foreign Affairs. 

1. With Great Britain, 27: 47: 

a. Clayton-Bulwer treaty — terms. 1850. 

2. With Japan, 3 — 380: 47: 
a. Perry's treaty, 1854. 

3. Cuba, 3: 47: 27: 18: 19: 

a. Attitude of the South towards annexation of Cuba — 
reasons. 

b. Ostend manifesto. 

1) Effect on the North. 
O. Campaign of i860, 47: 29: 

1. Disintegration of the Democratic party. 

a. Views of the Northern Democrats. 

b. Views of the Southern Democrats. 

2. Democratic Convention — the split. 31: 38: 

a. Baltimore convention of June 18. — nominations — plat- 
form. 



40 



b. Baltimore convention of June 28, — nominations — plat- 
form. 

3. Constitutional Union convention — nominations — platform. 

4. Republican convention. 

a. Candidates for nomination — comparison. 

b. Reason for nominations of Lincoln, 2 — 496: 47: 

c. Platform, 47: 29: 31: 

4. Lincoln's earlier career, 2 — 468-69, 475-76: 

a. Early views, 2 — 468-69: 

b. Lincoln — Douglas debates, 47: see index "Lincoln." 
1) results to both men. 

5. Douglas' earlier career, 47: see index "Douglas." 

a. His views. 

b. In the Senate. 

6. The campaign — character, 29: 19: 47: 

a. Result — vote — electoral and popular. 

b. Effect upon the South, 27 — 208: 



XVI. THE CIVIL WAR. 1861-1865. 

Literary references — Drummer Boy — Trowbridge; Hospital 
Sketches — Alcott; Red Badge of Courage — Stephen Crane; Big- 
low Papers (Second series) — Lowell; Peculiar — Epes Sargent; 

A. North and South in i860. 

1. Geography, 38-map opp. p. 300: 

a. Area of free states — border states (Union slaveholders) 
— seceding states, 27-map 4: area subject to slavery, 27- 
map 3: 

"b. Coast lines — length, etc. 

2. Population — distribution, 3: 2: 27 — 244: 38 — 263: 

3. Economical, 47: 27 — 244: 

a. Agricultural. 

b. Manufacturing, 31 — 376: 2 — 489: 

c. Commerce, 2 — 488: 

d. Transportation, 2 — 487: 

4. Social Comparison, 47: 

a. Mental activity, 2 — 491: 

b. Education. 

B. The Secession movement. 

1. Theory of secession, 47: 

a. Attitude of states in earlier years. 

1) Threats and attempts (see XIV. B. 3. b) 

2) In 1850, 27—165. 

b. Legal theory, 27 — 211: 

2. Underlying causes, 47: 

a. Stagnation of Southern constitutional life, 2 — 499: 27 — 
212: 

b. Loss of control of government by South: leading to: 
27 — 212: 

c. Probable abolition of slavery, 2 — 501: 31 — 380: 

d. State sovereignty ideas, 38 — 260: 27 — 241: 

e. Personal ambition, 3 — 394: 

3. Secession. 27: 

a. Southern apprehension, 27 — 208: 2 — 501: 

b. Action of South Carolina, 3 — 394-95: 

1) Ordinance of Secession and Declaration of Indepen- 
dence, 39: 

c. Action in other cotton states. 



41 



d. Montgomery convention — Confederate constitution, 27 
— 21 J, 242-44: 2: 

1) State sovereignty. 

2) Tariffs. 

3) Admission of new states. 

4) Executive department. 

5) Slavery. 

e. Purpose of secession, 2 — 502: 38 — 262: 27 — 215: 

f. Southern error, 3 — 405-06: 

1) Inferiority in wealth and population not considered, 
2—502: 

2) Expectation of a "solid South." 

3) Support of a Northern party. 

4) Foreign assistance. 

5) Ignorance of character of Northern people, 36 — 313: 

C. Coercion or Compromise, 47: 

"Let the erring sisters go in peace." — Gen. Scott. 
"If anyone attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot 
him on the spot." — John A. Dix. 

1. Apathy in the North, 2 — 502: 27 — 242: 

a. The "war governors" and their acts, 38 — 264: 2 — 504: 

2. Buchanan's policy, 3 — 393: 2: 27: 38: 

3. The Crittenden compromise, 31: 3: 2: 38: etc. 

4. Albany peace conference, 2: 3: 

5. Lincoln's policy, 31: 2: 3: 38: 

a. Character of Lincoln, 27 — 216: 

b. Inaugeral address — policy outlined, 31: 

"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere 
with the institution of slavery in the states where it ex- 
ists. 

"I shall take care * * * that the laws of the Union 
be faithfully executed in all the states." — Lincoln. 

c. The cabinet. 

1) Seward's policy. 

D. The War, 30: 

1. Preparations in North and South. 

a. Material resources, 3: 27 — 213: 

b. Military advantages and disadvantages, 3: 2 — 521: 31 — 
383: 

c. Strength of contending armies, 2 — 514: 30 — 1 16-21, 322- 
24: 3: 27 — 220: 38: 

d. Strength of the navies, 3 — 408: 

2. Struggle for the "Border states," 2: 3: 38: 30: 

3. Capture of Fort Sumpter, 36 — 311: 

a. Effect upon the North. 

b. Lincoln's proclamation. 

4. The blockade, 2: 27: 

(When does a blockade become binding upon foreign 
nations?) 

a. Effect of proclamation of blockade upon Europe, 27 — 
223: 

(What is meant by the rights of belligerents? How 
would the recognition of the independence of the Con- 
federacy have helped the South?) 

b. Purpose of blockade. 31 — 411: 27 — 229: 

c. Effect on the South, 2 — 520: 27 — 245: 

5. Attitude of foreign powers, 3 — 410: 30: 2: 27: 
a. Great Britain. 



4-2 



1) The government — reasons, 27 — 222: 38 — 270: 2 — 528: 
3—410: 

2) The people, 3—410: 2: 27: 38: 

(Read the account of Henry Ward Beecher's speeches 
in England.) 

6. The Trent affair, (Read Lowell's Jonathan to John.) 

7. Outline of proposed operations, 3 — 412: 

a. Blockade and capture of Southern ports. 

b. Capture of Confederate capital. 

c. Opening the Mississippi. 

d. Break thru Confederate line in West and march to the 
Atlantic, 

8. Advance towards Richmond. 

"On to Richmond! On to Richmond!" — Northern press. 

a. Defense of Washington. 

b. Topography of Virginia, 2—525: 

c. Manassas or Bull Run, 1861. 
1) Commanders — forces — result. 

d. Peninsular campaign, i862(Read Page's Two Little Con- 
federates) 

1) Preparations — commanders — forces, 31: 3: 

2) Yorktown — Williamsburg — Fair Oaks — 

3) Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah. 

4) Malvern Hill. 

5) McLellan and Stanton, 3 — 423: 

(What is meant by "line of communication" and "base 
of supplies?") 

6) Second Bull Run campaign. 

7) Lee's invasion of the North 1862. 

a) Antietam (Read Whittier's Barbara Frietchie) 

b) Fredericksburg. 

8) Lee's second invasion of the North, 1863. 

a) Chancellorsville. 

b) Gettysburg (Read Bret Harte's John Burns of Get- 
tysburg.) 

9. In the West — opening the Mississippi. 

a. Topography of the West, 2 — 525: 

b. On the Ohio river. 

1) Cairo and Paducah . 

c. Opening the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers, 1862. 

1) Mill Spring. 

2) Fort Henry. 

3) Fort Donelson. 

"No terms except an unconditional and immediate 
surrender can be accepted." — Gen. Grant. 

4) Pittsburg Landing or Shiloh. 

d. Opening the Mississippi, 1862-63. 

1) Island No. 10, 1862. 

2) New Orleans, 1862. 

3) Vicksburg, 1863. 

e. Campaign in Eastern Tennessee and Kentucky — result. 

1) Perryville, 1862. 

2) Stone River or Murfreesboro' 1862-63. 

3) Chickamauga. 

4) Chattanooga. 

a) Lookout Mountain (Battle above the Clouds.) 

b) Missionary Ridge. 

5) Sherman's raid in Meridian. 

f. Grant made General in Chief. 



4.3 



10. Lincoln's policy as to slavery, 1861-63, 31: 2: 3: 27: 38: 

a. As outlined in inaugeral address. 

b. General Butler's "contraband of war." — sustained. 

c. General Fremont's proclamation — overruled. 

d. General Hunter's proclamation — overruled. 

e. Scheme of compensated emancipation, 1862. 

f. Reply to Greeley's letter, 1862. 

g. Proclamation of warning, 39: 

h. Emancipation proclamation, 1863, 39: (Read Holmes' 
After the Emancipation Proclamation.) 

1) Meaning of the proclamation, 31 — 396: 

2) Political influence and result, 2 — 540: 31 — 429: 

3) Military effect, 3 — 430: 

4) Cost to the South, 3 — 429: 31 — 424: 

11. Administration acts, 27: 2: 31: 3: 

a. Creation of West Virginia, 1862. 

b. Suspension of operation of writ of habeas corpus. 

c. Draft act — riots. 

12. Political opposition. 

a. War Democrats — their attitude, 29 — 298: 

b. Peace Democrats ("Copperheads.") 29 — 298: 3: 

c. Grounds for opposition, 3 — 409: 2 — 543: 29 — 298: 

d. Election of 1864, 29: 19: 

1) Republican convention — nominations — platform. 

2) Convention at Cleveland — reason for — nomination — 
platform. 

3) Democratic convention — nominations — platform. 

4) Result. 

13. The Atlanta campaign and march to the sea, 1864. 

a. Capture of Atlanta. 

1) Removal of inhabitants and destruction of city. 

b. March to the sea (Marching thru Georgia, Tenting on 
the Old Camp Ground.) 

1) Purpose, 2 — 547: 

2) Thomas and Hood — Nashville. 

3) Savannah. 

c. Sherman's advance northward. 

1) Columbia. 

2) Charleston. 

3) Goldsboro 

4) Raleigh — Johnston's surrender, 1865. 

14. Grant's "hammering campaign" against Richmond, 1864- 
65. 

a. Battle of the Wilderness. 

b. Spottsylvania. 

'T propose to fight it out on this line, if it takes all 
summer." — Grant. 

c. Cold Harbor — changes of base. 

d. Battle of Winchester (Read Sheridan's Ride — Read.) 

e. Fall of Petersburg. 

f. Fall of Richmond. (Battle Hymn of the Republic — 
Julia Ward Howe.) 

g. Appomatox Court House. 
"Let us have peace." — Grant. 

15. Naval warfare, 31 — 410-18: 

a. Tasks of the navy. 

b. Blockades (see 4 above.) 
1) Blockade runners. 



44 



c. Commerce destroyers — Sumpter — Florida — Alabama — 
Shenandoah, 2: 

1) Kearsarge and Alabama. 

d. The Trent affair (see 6 above) 

e. Capture of New Orleans (see 9. d above) 

f. Monitor and Merrimac. 

1) Importance of this duel. 3 — 420: 31 — 417: 

g. Capture of coast forts and waterways. 

h. Mobile Bay, 1864. 

16. Assassination of Lincoln. 

(An excellent account in McClure's Magazine for August, 
1899.) 

17. Return to peace conditions. 2 — 557: 

a. Reduction of expenses. 

b. Reduction of army and navy. 

1) Grand review at Washington. 

2) European predictions concerning the army, 3 — 369: 

3) Total number of soldiers under arms in 1865, 38 — 298: 

4) Xumber of soldiers under arms in 1898 before Span- 
ish War. 

5) Reduction of the navy 

6) Condition of the navy in 1885 

E. Financial Measures, 1861-65. 31 — 419-22: 

1. Condition in i860 — income — expenditures — debt, 2: 31 — 
419: 

2. Financial administration under Secretary Chase. 

a. Taxes— amount raised, 31 — 419: 

1) Import duties increased — War tariffs. 

2) Internal revenue. 

3) Income tax. 27 — 220: 

b. Borrowed money. 

1) Bonds — amount. 31: 

2) United States notes. 

a) Interest bearing 

b) "Greenbacks," — amount in circulation. 1864. 

c. The national bank system. 
1) Purpose. 3 — 408-09: 

3. Confederate financial measures, 27: 

a. Paper money. 

b. Bonds. 

c. Cotton loans. 

d. Requisitions 

e. Depreciation 

(What became of the Confederate currency and bonds 
at close of war?) 

F. Foreign Complications (see D. 5 above.) 

1. European feeling — England — France — Russia. 

a. The governing classes. 

b. The working people. 

2. The Trent affair (see D. 6 above) 

3. Great Britain and the Confederate cruisers. 

"It would be superfluous for me to point out that this is 
war." — Charles Francis Adams. 

a. Adam's protests. 

b. The "Alabama" claims — Geneva tribunal — awards, 1871. 

4. The French in Mexico. 1866. 
a. Execution of Maximilian. 

G. Cost of the War. 30: 30—333-35: 
1. To the North. 



45 



a. Expenditure and National debt, 31: 

b. Pensions. 

(What is the present annual disbursement? 3 — 510:) 

c. Cost in human life, 31: 
2. To the South, 31 — 424: 

a. Financial — all they had. 

b. Loss of human life. 

c. Slaves. 

d. Destruction of property. 
H. Results of the War, 3—463: 

1. Economical to the South. 

2. Slavery. 

3. State sovereignty and right of secession. 

4. Moral results. 

XVII. RECONSTRUCTION. 1865-1876. 

Literary references — A Fool's Errand — Tourgee (Northern 
view); Red Rock — Thomas Nelson Page (Southern view). 

A. The problem of reconstruction. 

1. The "freedmen." 

2. The reconstruction of the seceded states. 

a. Status of Southern States, 27 — 255: 3 — 466: 

b. Lincoln's views. 

B. The Freedmen. 

1. Condition of the freedmen, 3 — 466: 

2. Freedmen's bureau, 2 — 563: 

a. President Johnson's relation to it. 

C. Plans for reconstruction (Summary see 31 — 432:) 

1. During the war — Lincoln's policy, 3 — 467: 2 — 562: 27 — 
256-57: 

a. Congressional views, 3 — 467: 

2. Johnson's policy — recognition of reconstructed states, 2: 
3: 27: 31: 

a. Congressional hostility. 

3. Congressional policy, 3: 

a. Freedmen's bureau. 

b. Thirteenth amendment — its adoption. 

c. Civil Rights bill. 

d. Fourteenth amendment — adoption. 

e. Reconstruction acts of 1867, 27: 3: 2: 

1) Process. 

2) "Carpet-baggers," 27: (Read Page's Red Rock.) 

f. Congress and the President. 

1) Tenure of Office act — purpose. 

2) The Stanton episode. 

3) Impeachment of the President, 
a) Result of the trial. 

g. Fifteenth amendment — adoption. 

4. ' Acts of Southern legislatures, 27: 

a. Status of the negro. 

b. The labor system. 

c. Influence of these acts upon Congress. 

5. Force Bills, 1870-71; 3 — 482: 

a. The "Carpet-Baggers." 

b. "Ku Klux Klan." 

c. Force Act. 

d. Election troubles in the South, 27: 
1) Federal intervention. 



46 



2) "Returning Boards.'" 

3) Intervention of Federal troops — President's reasons. 

6. General Amnesty act 1872. 

7. Withdrawal of troops from the South. 1877. 3 — 496: 2 — 
573: 52—500: 

XVIII. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT. 3865-1877. 

. President Johnson's administration. 1865-69. 

1. Contest with Congress (see XVII) 

2. Election of 1868. 29: 19: 

a. Issues of the campaign, 3 — 476: 

b. Republicans — candidates — platform 

c. Democrats — candidates — platform. 

d. Result. 

President Grant's administration, 1869-77. 

1. Reconstruction (see XVII) 

2. Executive demoralization, 27 — 277: 3: 

a. Civil Service — Congressional hostility. 

b. Official malfeasance. 

1) Distillery frauds. 

2) Impeachment of Secretary of War — charges. 

3. Legislative scandals. 27: 3: 

a. Credit Mobilier. 

b. Salary grab. 

4. Reaction against the Republicans. 27: 3: 29: 19: 

a. Reasons. 27: 3: 

b. Liberal Republicans. 

c. Election of 1872. 

1) Parties — platforms — candidates. 

5. Election of 1876. 29: 19: 

a. Republican convention — candidates — platform. 

b. Democratic convention — candidates — platform. 

c. Greenback convention — candidates — platform. 

d. Prohibition convention — candidates — platform. 

e. Result — contested. 3: 27: 
1) Electoral commission. 



XIX. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. 1862-1900. 

. Industrial and Economic Development. 

1. Growth of the West. 

a. Causes. 

1) Discovery of gold and silver, 1858-68. 

2) Agriculture, 31 — 457: 

3) Stock. 31—457: 

b. Transportation facilities, 3: 

1) Pony express — overland stage. 

2) Union Pacific railroad, 31: 

a) How built — land grants and subsidies. 

b) Importance — commercially — politically — immigra- 
tion. 3 — 480: 

3) Other transcontinental lines. 

c. Opening of Oklahoma. 1889. 

d. Population west of Mississippi, 1900. 

2. Manufacturing industries. 2 — 586: 
a. Iron and steel. 



47 



b. Other industries. 

3. Restriction of immigration. 

a. Chinese, 3—502, 507: 31—443: 

b. Restriction uoon other immigrants. 

c. Present immigration — number — nationality — character. 

4. Condition of labor, 31 — 460: 36 — 351: 

a. Growing evils. 

1) Character of employers — corporations. 

2) Immigration — effect on prices. 

3) Competition in business, leading to: 

4) Reduction of wages. 

5) Formation of trusts (1898-1900), leading to: 

a) Reduction of employees. 

b) Reduction of wages. 

b. Advantages. 

1) Reduction of cost of living. 

2) Shorter hours. 

3) Formation of Labor Unions — purpose — doctrines, 31 
—461: 3—488: 

a) Knights of Labor. 

b) United Workingmen: 

c) Trades Unions. 

c. Strikes, 3: 

1) Railroad, 1877 — result 

2) Homestead 1892 — result. 

• 3) Pullman, 1894 — sympathetic — result: 

d. Coxey's army, 1894. 

5. Inventions and improvements. 

a. Atlantic cable, 1868. 

b. Electricity for lighting and motive power. 

c. Bicycle. 

d. Typewriter. 

e. X-ray. 

f. Liquid air. 

6. International exposition — general effects. 

'a. World's Fair in "Crystal Palace," at New York, 1853. 

b. Centennial at Philadelphia, 1876. 

c. Cotton Exposition at New Orleans, 1884 — benefit. 

d. Columbian Exposition at Chicago, 1893. 

e. Cotton States and International Exhibition at Atlanta, 
1895— New South. 

f. Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha, 1898. 
B. Civil Service Reform, 11: 3: 2: 27: 31: 52: 

1. Early history (see Outline index — Civil Service.) 

2. Under Grant's administration, 1872 — 74. 
a. Failure of appropriation by Congress. 

3. Pendleton Civil Service Reform acts, 1883, 27-293: 

a. Influence of Garfield — Conklin contest and the former's 
assassination. 

b. Effect of the act, 11 — 264: 

1) On character of employees. 

2) On campaign assessments. 

4. Subsequent progress, 1888-1900. 

a. Under Cleveland's administration, 3 — 521: 

b. Under McKinrey's administration. 
B. Financial crises. 

1. Early history (see Outline index.) 

2. Crisis of 1857, 27—196: 52: 

a. Causes (compare with crisis of '37.) 



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3. Panic of 73. 3— 490: 52: 

a. Causes (compare with crisis of '57.) 

b. Political results — Greenback party. 

4. Panic of '93, 3—515: 52: 

a. Causes. 

b. Remedy — Congressional action. 

c. Effect. ' 

C. Tariff legislation — becomes a party question, 1880-92. 

1. Early legislation (see Outline index) 

2. Tariff Commission, 1882. 27 — 291. 

3. Mills Bill, 31—446: 

a. Its importance in election of 1888. 

b. Reasons for tariff reduction. 

(See 48 — 136-37 for causes of surplus in treasury.) 

4. The McKinley Bill, 1890 — Reciprocity, 52: 29 — 489: 19: 
a. Reaction in election of '90 and '92. 

5. The Wilson Bill 1894, 29 — 524: 

a. The struggle for passage. 

b. Innuence upon elections of "96. 

6. The Dingley Tariff, 1898. 

a. Revives and increases internal revenue. 

(Why were the tariff bills called "Mills" "Wilson," 
etc.?) 

D. The Silver Question and Election of 1896. 

1. Coinage Act of 1873 ("the Crime of 73"). 3 — 489: 36— 

348: 31: 52: 

{For brief summary see 3 — 489-90: foot-note.) 

2. Bland-Allison Act. 1878, 3: 27: 31: 36: 52: 

3. Sherman Act 1890. 3: 31: 52: 

4. Repeal of Sherman Act, 1893. 3: 31: 52: 

5. Election of 1896, 29: 52: 

a. Candidates — platform — issues. 

b. Result. 

E. Foreign relations. 

1. Great Britain. 

a. During Civil War (see XVI. F) 

b. Treaty of Washington, 1871. 

c. Behring Sea seal fisheries dispute — arbitrated, 1893. 

d. Venezuela boundary dispute, 1895. 

1) Condition in 1899. f 

e. International Arbitration Treaty, 1896 — action of Senate 

f. Canadian Joint Commission,. 1898-99. 

2. Russia. 

a. Purchase of Alaska, 3 — 478-79: 

''Seward's folly — a waste of money on rocks and ice, 
fit only for a polar bear garden." 

3. Italv — the New Orleans mob, 1891, 52 — 517: 

4. Chili (Chile) 1891, 52—518: 

5. Samoa. 

a. Difficulties in 1899. 

6. Hawaii. 

a. Hawaiian revolution. 1893. 

b. American protectorate. 
1) Cleveland's action. 

c. Annexation, 1898. 

7. International peace conference at the Hague. 1899. 
a. Results. 

8. Spain (see Spanish War) 



4-9 

F. The Spanish war, 1898. 

1. Causes, 

a. Rebellion in Cuba. 

b. Maine disaster. 

2. Cuba. 

a. Spanish treatment (see Spain's colonial theories, Out- 
line index.) 

b. Rebellion of 1895. 

1) Gen. Weyler and his policy, 
a) Reconcentrados. 

2) Senators Proctor and Thurston and their investiga- 
tions. 

3) American sympathy. 

3. The Ultimatum. 

4. The War. 

a. Call for troops — response. 

b. Slow mobilization — causes (compare with War of i8i2) 

c. The campaigns. 

1) Santiago — criticism. 

2) Porto Rico. 

3) Manila. 

a) Naval battle. 

b) Capture of city. 

d. The protocol. 

(Compare capture of Manila after protocol with cap- 
ture of New Orleans after signing of treaty.) 

e. Treaty of Paris — terms. 

f. Investigation — Gen. Eagan's charges — "Beef." 

5. Attitude of Europe. 

a. English sympathy — its influence upon rest of Europe. 

b. Germany at Manila. 

6. Results of war. 

a. Union of North and South. 

b. New policy of expansion. 

c. Standing of United States, among other nations. 

G. The war in Philippine Islands. 



XX. SPECIAL TOPICS. 

1. Evolution of the method of nominating and electing the 
President. 

2. Causes of the rise and fall of political parties in United 
States. 

3. The Slavery question. 
.4 Territorial expansion. 

5. Treaties with foreign powers. 

6. Presidents of the United States. Important events of each 
administration. 

7. Decisive battles in American history. 

8. The tariff. 

9. The government of a city (Fiske's Civil Government.) 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




